The Great Historical, Geographical, Genealogical and Poetical Dictionary

MAGNUS II.

Son to Christiern III. of Denmark↗, having quitted a Third Part of Holstein↗ to his Brother Frederick↗, contented himself with the Diocesses of Oesel↗ and Curland↗, which his Father had bought from the Bishop [May 20, 1560]: But being expelled for his Tyranny, he had recourse to the Muscovites, An. 1570. and obtained from the Czar↗ the Title of King of Livonia↗, and having married a Kinswoman↗ of the Czar’s, was lent into Livonia, where he made a considerable Party ; but having besieged Riga in vain, for which the Great Duke struck him over the Face when he returned, he retired to Curland, where he died without Issue in 1583. Thuan. — Magnus, Duke of Holstein↗

MEMEL

, or Memmel, called by those of Curland, Cloupede, Lat. Memelium, Memmelburgum, & Cleupeda, a Town of the Ducal Prussia, in the little Country called Sclavonia. It is seated near the Lake Curon, or Curish. ’Tis very well fortified, some say, it was built by the Knights of Livonia. The Polanders were Masters of it after them, and the Swedes after these ; but now it belongs to the Elector of Brandenburg. Cromer. — Klaipėda↗

MEMEL

, or Russe, a River of Poland, the Chronus of Ptolemeus, formerly in Sarmatia. The Germans call it Memel, the Polanders, Memen, and the Prussians, towards the Mouth of it, call it Russe. The River Memel springs in Lithuania↗, near the Town Slucko↗, and falls into the Baltick Sea. — Neman River↗

NARVA

, or NERVA, commonly call'd the Narve, a City of Livonia, near the Coast of the Gulph of Finland, towards the Province of Ingria, which is well fortified, and hath a good Castle. It stands upon a River of the same Name, which formerly was the Boundary between Livonia and Moscovy: On the other side of the River is the Fortress of Jiianogorod, built by the Moscovites on a steep Rock, which the River makes a Peninsula, and was taken by Gustavus Adolphus in 1617. Below this Fortress is a Town called the Russian Narve, as being inhabited by Moscovites, Subjects to the King of Sweden. The River Narve is said to rise from the Lake Czuasko, and is swell’d with the Rivers Pskowa and Vielika Rika. It is very swift in its course, and hath a great fall about half a League above the City, whence the Water falls into a Precipice, with a dreadfull noise, and so much violence, that dashiing against the Rocks it is dispersed into a meer Vapour; which filling the Air, affords oftentimes the representation of a Rain-bow, especially in the morning. This fall obliges the Merchants to unlade here all their Commodities that come from Pleskow and Derpt to the Narve, to be Shipt in the Bay of Finland. The City Narve was built in 1213, by Wolmar II. King of Denmark. The Moscovites took it in 1558; but it was re-taken by the Swedes in 1581; since which time it hath continued in their possession. The Moscovites of the Russian Narve, on the Eve of Pentecost, meet in the Church-yard, and the Women spread their Handkerchiefs, bordered with Party-coloured Silk upon the Graves, and lay broiled and roasted Fish, Cakes, Eggs painted with divers Colours upon them. In the mean time the Priest Censes the Tombs, while the Women make a barbarous howling; but the Clerk at the fame time gathers up the Handkerchiefs, &c. for his Master, who afterwards feasts liberally upon the good chear. Olear. Voyage de Musco. While Narva was possessed by the Russians in 1559, Sigismund, King of Poland, forbad Trading with it; saying, That if Arts, Trades, Riches, Ammunition and Cannon, were carried thither, that cruel and barbarous Nation would subdue all their Neighbours: But, Anno 1561, Hen. Lane, an Englishman, discovered the way of Trading to Russia by the Narve, till then unknown. The Moscovites sat down before it, in 1700 with 80000 Men, which Army was totally rooted by less than half that Number of Swedes, under the Command of their Young King, and the Siege rais’d. — Narva↗

NEUHAIS

, or Neuhaus, Lat. Novum Caſtrum, a strong Hold in Livonia, upon the River Wop↗, 10 German Miles from Derpt↗, to the South-East, and as many South-West from Plesco↗. The Great Duke of Muscovie invested this place in 1381 with an Army of 300000, but being slain by a random Shot from the Castle, his Forces withdrew from before it, though the place was much streightned. John Basilovits, one of his Successiors, took it in 1558. Guagninus. — Vastseliina Castle↗ also Nienhuse

Tilmann Bredenbach's (16th century historian) History of the Livonian Wars recounts the story in greater detail (translated from Estonian article):

"In the case of the siege and capture of Narva, it has been noted that the commander and his men got a free way out, but all their property was taken from them, the townspeople surrendered to the grand duke and gave him an oath of allegiance, and the surrounding peasants also surrendered to the grand duke's rule. The invasion of the Tartu diocese by an 80,000-strong Russian army is dated to June 24, and the Vastseliina fortress was besieged three days later. On this occasion, a legend is told about how in 1381(!) the Grand Duke of Moscow besieged this fortress with 300,000 men, and how the commander, after fervently praying in the name of God, shot an arrow through the window into the Russians, which hit the Grand Duke himself directly in the heart. The Russians ended the siege and took the body of his master and emperor to Moscow, while the Livonians hung the bow as a sign of victory on the altar of the fortress church. This bow is said to have been seen by the highly respected lord Philippus Olmen, former canon and stipendarius of the Metropolitan Church of Tartu, now vicar of Rees."1

NOVOGOROD VELIKI

, Lat. Novogardia Magna, called by the Germans NEUGARTEN, is a great City of Moscovy, Capital of a Principality of the fame Name, and an Archbishop’s See, seated in a spacious Plain upon the River Wolkow or Volga, which issueth from the Lake of Ilmen, the most beautiful of Europe, about a Mile above the City, and traversing the Lake Ladoga falls by Notteburg, and the Gulf of Finland into the Baltick Sea. This River is the chief cause of the Wealth and Greatness of the City, as being Navigable from its Fountains, almost to the Baltick, which has made this place the chief for trade of all the North, being frequented on that account by the Livonians, Swedes, Danes, Germans, and Hollanders. It formerly enjoyed also many great Privileges under a Prince of their own, who had no dependance on the Great Duke of Moscovy, and was become so rich and powerful, that it was a common Proverb amongst them, Who can oppose God, or the great City Novogorod ? It hath formerly for its bigness been compar’d to Rome, but is not so great now as it hath been, though the number of its Steeples make a great show at a distance , for besides Churches it contains no less than seventy Monasteries. The Buildings are all of Wood after the manner of the Russians. Vithold, Great Duke of Lithuania, was the first, who in 1427 oblig’d this City to pay a Tribute of 200000 Crowns. John Basilowitz Grotsdin Tyrant of Moscovy made himself Master of it in 1477, and placed a Governor in it ; aud some time after came in Person and plundered the City, carrying away with him to Moscow 300 Wagons laden with Gold, Silver, and precious Stones, and other rich Goods and Furniture; to which place he also transported all the Inhabitants of Novogorod, and sent Moscovites to inhabit their City. John Basilowitz, Great Duke of Moscovy, in 1569, upon a bare groundless suspicion of their designing to revolt, flew or cast into the River 2770 of its Inhabitants, besides a vast number trodden to death by a Party of his Horse let in upon them. After having plunder’d the rich Church of Sancta Sophia, and all the Treasures of the other Churches, he also pillag’d the Archbishoprick, and then Commanded the Archbishop to ride upon a white Horse with a Fiddle tied about his Neck, and a Flute in his Hand and in this posture conduced him to Moscow, where he was quit with this disgrace, but the Abbots and Monks were all cut to pieces or drowned. This City was taken by the Swedes in 1611, and restor’d to the Russians, in 1634. In 1664 it was populous, and a place of good Trade, encompassed with a Timber Wall, well stor’d with Ammunition and Brass Ordinance, and defended by a Castle. Here was anciently an Idol worshipped in the form of a Man, with a Thunderbolt in his Hand, call’d the God of Fire; in whose Temple the Priests were oblig’d to keep a perpetual Fire with Oaken Timber, on pain of Death. This Dutchy once the greatest in Russia, was assign’d by Lot to Ruruk Varegus their first Duke, whose Posterity inlarg’d their Dominions as far as the Greek Empire on one side, and Norway on the other. Novogorod is an hundred and five German Miles from Moscow, to the N. W. six and forty from Pleskow to the E. and forty from Nerva to the S. E. Long. 50.00. Lat. 58.23.

NOVOGOROD

, (or Novogrodek, called Litawiski: Lat. Novogroda, Novogardia, a City of Lithuania, under the Crown of Poland, the Capital of a Palatinate of the same Name, in which the Diet of Lithuania ought by turns with Minskow to be held : It stands scarce four Polish Miles from the River Niemen, and twenty from Vilna to the South. The Palatinate of Novogrodek lies between Polesia to the South, and Polachia to the West, in which, besides the Capital, are the Cities of Wolkowiska, Lakowicz, Mir, Slonim, &c. This City is large, but all built of Timber.

NOVOGORODEK SEVIERSKY

, Lat. Novogardia Severia, a City of Lithuania formerly under the Poles, now under the great Duke of Moscovy. It stands upon the River Dezna, seventeen Polish Miles from Czernichou to the North East, forty six from Kiovia, and the same distance from Smolensko to the South, and is the Capital of a Dukedom.

NYLAND

, a Province of Finland, having Carelia on the East, Finland properly so called, to the West, and Tavastia to the North; and is separate from Livonia by the Bay. There are but three Towns of Note in it, viz. Borgo, Helsingford and Raseborg.

OESEL

, or EUSEL, Lat. Osilia, an Island in the Baltick Sea, at the Mouth of the Bay of Livonia, not above Three Miles from the Coasts of Curland and Five West of Esthonia. Its Circuit is Eighty Miles, and chief Place of Strength, called Arensberg, or Sonneberg. Besides which it has Eighteen Parishes. It was sold, together with Curland in Livonia, to Christian IIId, King of Denmark, about 1558, but the Swedes took it in 1585. And it was confirmed to them by Treaty in 1646.

OLDENPO

, Lat. Oldenpoa, a Country in Livonia, having Lettonia to the S. Esthonia to the W. Alemak to the N. and Moscovy to the E. It is subject to the Swedes, and their chief Town is Tonspat.

OZILIA

, an Island in the Baltick, on the Coast of Livonia, which has two great Towns in it, Sonneburg and Arenburg. The Knights of Livonia put this Island into the hands of the King of Denmark in 1584, and his Brother Magnus was Bishop of the Diocess.

PARNAW

, Lat. Parnavia, a City of Livonia and Province of Estonia, subject to the Swedes. It stands at the Mouth of a River of the same Name upon the Bay of Riga, 55 miles from Revel to the S. and Riga to the N. It’s of small compass but well fortified. It has a strong Castle and a convenient Haven, and it was formerly a hanse Town; it belong'd at first to the Poles, but in the last Century often taken and retaken, but the Swedes having seiz’d it in 1617, possess it ever since, together with the Territory belonging to it. It is Lon. 46.00. Lat 57.20. Baudr.

PERNAW

, a City of Livonia, in the Province of Esten, near unto the Gulf of Riga, part of the Baltick-fea, reckoned among the Number of the Hans-towns, though it has almost no other Commerce, than that of Corn. Ericus, King of Sweden, took it from the Poles in the year 1562; but they re-took it by a Stratagem in 1565. The Moscovites made themselves Masters of it in 1575, but it was re-united to the Crown of Poland, with the rest of Livonia, by a Treaty of Peace made between the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Moscovy. The Swedes took it in 1617, and are in Possession of it to this very day. Olearius, Voyage de Mofcovy.

PLESKOW

, a Province in Muscovy, giving Title to a Duke, towards Swedeland and Poland. It had formerly its particular Sovereigns till the year 1509, when John Basilovitz, great Czar of Muscovy, united it to his Dominions. Its Capital City is Pleskow, but called by the Russians Pleskowa, and stands upon the River Veliski. It’s divided into four quarters, all surrounded with Walls. Stephen King of Poland besieged it in 1581. Guagninus faith, That in 1500, Walterus à Plettenburg, the great Master of Livonia invaded Russia with an Army of 12000 Men, and near this City fought the Russe, who had about 130000 Men in his Army, and beat him, about 100000 falling in the Battle and Flight, the rest enter'd Pleskow for their Safety. The Russ had only Bows and Arrows, and the great Master had Fire-Arms, and to this the great slaughter is to be chiefly attributed. In 1569, John Basilovitz, the most perfidious Tyrant that ever reign’d, designed the intire ruin of this City, but was in part prevented by the Submission of the Citizens and a vast Sum of Money. In 1664 the Town was not of any great Circumference, but very convenient and pleasant as being seated upon a fair River which rises from a Lake about half a League from Pleskow. The Russ had here then a Governour, who commanded the Province, and shewed great Civility to the English Embassador. Carlisle Amb. p. 331.

REVEL

, an Hanse-Town in Livonia, the Capital of the Province of Esthonia or Eften, near the Gulf of Finland, part of the Baltick Sea. Waldemar or Wolmar II. King of Denmark, laid the first Foundations of it about 1230. Wolmar III. sold it in 1347, with the Towns of Narva and Wesemburg to the Great Master of the Teutonick Order for nineteen thousand Marks in Silver. About 1565 this Town put it self under the protection of Erick King of Swedeland, in order to be secured against the Muscovites, who fruitlesly besieged it in 1570, and in 1577. The City of Revel began to be a trading place from 1477, and the Trade continued there till 1550, at which time the Muscovites taking the Town of Narva, established the Commerce there which they had before at Revel. It’s fortify’d after the Modern way, and its Castle is built upon a Rock that is steep and craggy on all sides save towards the City. Its Haven and Road are very commodious for Trade. Its Laws are much the same with those of the City of Lubeck and it hath a Consistory, and a Superintendant for Ecclesiastical Affairs. They profess there the Protestant Religion, following the Confession of Augsburg. The Government of Revel is Democratical; the Magistrate being obliged to call the chief among the People to the Deliberations of important Affairs. About half a League from the City there was a very fine Convent of Friars and Nuns, who had there their Churches and Mansions apart. The History of that Convent reports, That the Brethren and Sisters had found out a way to speak to one another by Signs, whereof they had composed a Dictionary. Revel stands 120 miles West of Narva, 140 North of Riga, 124 South-east of Abo, and 235 East of Stockholm. Olearius Voyage de Moscovie.

RIGA

, which the Germans call Rigen, and the Inhabitants Riig, is the Capital City of Livonia upon the River Duna, which dischargeth it self a little lower into the Gulf of Riga, part of the Baltick Sea. It was built by Albert III. Bishop of Livonia in 1196; or according to others, by Bertold alfo Bishop of Livonia, in 1186, who there fixed his Episcopal See. This Church was erected into an Archbishoprick, in 1215, by Pope Innocent III, and made Metropolitan of all Livonia, Prussia and Curland. The Knights of the Order of Espadon, and afterwards the Grand Matter of the Teutonick Order in Prussia, divided there the Government and Sovereignty with the Archbiahop, until the change of Religion came. At the same time the War of the Mucovites obliged the Inhabitants of Riga to have recourse to the King of Poland, to whom they voluntarily gave themselves up, in 1561. Charles IX. King of Swedeland, besieged the Town of Riga, in 1605, but he was constrained to raise the Siege then, as also in 1609. His Son, Gustavus Adolphus, was more fortunate, who took this City in 1621; since that time it has been in the possession of the Swedes. Some years ago the Muscovites had a design to render themselves Masters of it, but they lost a great part of their Army, and raised the Siege shamefully. The situation of this City is very agreeable, standing in a great Plain upon the brink or the River Duna, which is a quarter of a League broad in that same place. It is very populous and considerable, because of its Commerce as well with the English as with the Hollanders, and the Hans-Towns of Germany, when the Summer renders the Baltick-Sea navigable; and also with the Muscovites, when the Ice can bear their Sledges. Provisions there are very cheap, as also Fowl and Venison, for that every body are free to hunt. They are of the Protestant Religion: The Ministers preach in the German Tongue, but for the meaner sort of People they make use of the Sclavonian Language, and in two particular Churches the Curland Speech. The Magistrate also expedites all Deeds, and the like, in the German Tongue. Meinardus the Apostle of Livonia became the first Bishop of this City, in 1186. Bertoldus was his Successor. He was succeeded by Albert of Brandenburgh, who walled Riga for a Citadel of the Livonians, in 1200, or thereabout; for he spent two Summers by way of Incursion before he setled. During the time it was under the Poles the state of it is thus described by Guagninus, who lived then in Poland: Riga is the celebrated Capital of Livonia, fortify’d with a strong Wall, Ramparts, and many Towers; it has two Ditches, a Counterscarp, and three rows of Cannon, one above another, round about the Town, and a Pallisado on the Counterscarp. It has Ammunition, Victuals, and a good Garrison in it, as well in times of Peace as in War. Gothard Ketler, Duke of Curland, resides (saith he} in the Castle, but he has no Authority over the City, but they pay their Tributes, and yield a willing Subjection to the King of Poland, and are govern’d by Magistrates of their own appointment. Russia sends hither Pot-ashes, Timber, Furs and Corn in vast abundance, by the River Dwina, and in exchange receives back the Merchandice of all the rest of Europe. At the entrance of the River is a strong Castle called Dunamunt, and another above it call’d Blokaus, both garrison’d by the Poles, and for that reason hated by the Citizens. Thus far he [sic.]. Riga is seated on the Banks of Dwina, four Leagues from the Baltick. It is not great, but compact, and very well peopled. Its Buildings are all of Stone or Brick, and it is fortify’d with a good Wall, good Ditches and Ramparts on that side towards Muscovy. Next the River it has a strong Castle, in which resides the Governour General of Livonia. But, after all, it’s most regarded for the Commerce which it draws from all parts of the Baltick, the Ships coming up the Dwina to the very Gates of the City. In the Winter by Sledges they trade with Plesco, Novogorod and Muscow, and with Curland at all times. Carlisle's Embassy, p. 338. This was the state of the place in 1664. It stands in a Champaign Country, on the North-east side of the River Struys, p. 166. Riga is 120 miles North-east of Memel, 250 South-east of Stockholm, and 320 North-east of Warsaw. This present year 1700 the King of Poland besieged it, which he afterwards turn’d into a Blockade. Olearius. Hoffman.

SEGEWOLT

, Lat. Segevoldia, a Town of Sweden, in the Province of Livonia, on the River Teyder, It is alao called Sewold, and stands seven Miles South East of Riga.

SEMIGALLEN

, Semigaliia, a Province of Livonia in the Kingdom of Poland, which is bounded on the North by Livonia, properly so called, on the South by Samogitia, on the West by Curland, and on the East by the Palatinate of Plozko, the principal Town is Mittaw, the Residence of the Duke of Curland.

STEPHEN

, King of Poland, of the Family of Batthori in Hungary, was the Son of Anthony Batthori: His Worth raised him to the Principality of Transylvania in 1571, and afterwards, when Henry of France, King of Poland, returned to France to take Possession of that Crown, he was chosen King of Poland at Warsaw the 15th of December, 1575. This Election was carried for him by the Faction of Zborouski, upon this Advantage he possest himself of Cracovia, where he was crown’d by Stanislas Kam Kowiski, because James Wkanski, Arch-bishop of Gnesne, was in the Interest of Maximilian of Austria, who had been chosen by another Party: But notwithstanding this Competition, before the End of the Year 1576, he was universally owned as King of Poland, the Inhabitants of Danzick having been severely chastized for their obstinate Refusal to own him for their King. After this he declared War against the Moscovites for the Recovering of Smolensko, Severia, Livonia and Esthonia. He took Poloczko in Aug. 1579. he plunder’d Sokol after having taken it by Storm; he subdued Jaroslaw, Sussa and Turoula. After these Exploits at the Dyet of Warsaw, he refused to make Peace with the Moscovites, because they would not part with Severia and Livonia, which he invaded in 1580; subdued all the strongest Places in that Country; and Riga the Capital of it was surrendred to him at the Beginning of the Year 1581. He sent to Pope Gregory III. for some Assistance towards the subduing the rest of Livonia, and in the mean time took from the Moscovites the Cities of Ostrow and Pleskow, where a Peace was concluded upon Condition of their yielding all Livonia to Poland; and that the King in Consideration thereof should restore to the Moscovites Wielkowki, and the other Places he had taken in Moscovy. And at the Desire of the Moscovites a Truce was concluded for six Years, that they might have time to regain the Places which the Swedes had taken from them in Livonia, which they engaged to put into the Hands of the King of Poland, with the rest of that Country. Stephen was successful both in Peace and War. He died before the end of the Truce made with the Moscovites, the 13th of December, in the Year 1586, without any Issue by Anna Jagellon his Wife, whom the States had obliged him to marry. Sigismund his Nephew succeeded him in the Principality of Transylvania, when it was in his Power to have named him his Successor in Poland. He was a magnanimous and wise Prince; and was used to say, That God had reserved to himself Three Things as his peculiar Divine Prerogative, viz. The Power of Creating, the Knowledge of Futurities, and Dominion over the Conscience. John Kamoski, his Chancellor, writ his Epitaph, containing the most signal Actions and Atchievements of his Reign. Neugebawer Bifi. Polan. Thuan. Hist. Lib. 53 Connot. Hist. Poland.

TWERE

, or Twersco, a Province of Russia, bordering to the West on Livonia, to the North on Ingraim, to the East on Smolenaco, and to the South on Litaw. In it riseth the Dwina, which falls at Riga into the Baltick Sea. The Capital City of the same Name is seated on the Wolga, 200 Russian Miles from Moscow to the North, and 250 from Smolensco North East. This City is a Bishop’s See. It was the Capital of a great Principality before it submitted to the Russ. It has the Right of a Mint with Moscow and two others. In 1569 John Basilovitz suspecting the Inhabitants of this City, Great Novogrod and Plescow to encline to the Polish Government, he surprized this City, and cruelly destroyed all the Inhabitants of it, without respect of Sex or Age. Guagninus.

VITEBSK

, a City and Palatinate in Poland, upon the Dwina, a great and Navigable River, which runs by Riga in Livonia. This City is great, built all with Timber, and has two large, strong, well-seated Castles; the lowest stands in a Plain, and is as big as a small City; the higher is less, but they are both built with Timber, Earth and Stone mix’d together, and well stor’d with Cannon. The Dwina runs on the East-side of the City, and above it receives the Viczba. This City is the strongest Fortress in Lithuania, and the Defence of that Province against the Incursions of the Russians. It lyes 80 Polish Miles from Vilna, and was once an independent, free State. In the Palatinate are also Orsha, Surras, Vla, Turowla, Susza, Crusniki, Sienno, Lepto, Ciotcza, Crassne, Woroniec, Strzyow.

ZAMOSKI

(John) Great Chancellor of Poland, and General of the Armies of that Kingdom. This famous General and great Minister of State, by his Heroick Qualities deserved the Titles of Defender of his Country, and Protector of Sciences. His Father Stanelas Chastelim of Chelm, a Town of Red Russia in Poland, gain’d himself also great Reputation by his Sword and Pen. He was sent Embassador into France for the Duke of Anjou, whom the Polanders had chosen King. But this Prince being recall’d to take Possession of the Kingdom of France, fallen to him, Stephen Battori, Prince of Transylvania, was chosen King of Poland, who had so great a consideration for Zamoski, that he married his Niece to him, made him Chancellor of the Kingdom, and first gave him the Command of 8000 Men in the War of Muscovy, and afterwards of all the Army of Poland. Zamoski behaved himself in all these Employments with much Courage, and had great Success, check’d John Basilides Great Duke of Muscovy’s Arrogance, deliver’d Polesia, Volesia and Livonia, from under the Servitude of so formidable a Neighbour, and maintained a tough War against him during which, this remarkable Occurrence happened. Zamoski laid Siege with a powerful Army in the depth of Winter to Pleskow, a Town of Muscovy; the Rigour of the Weather prolonging the Siege, some Polish Gentlemen tir’d with lying idle in the Camp, took one Voinuski, a Man well versed in Latin, Greek and Hebrew, along with them, to travel part of the Country: In one Place they found Cicero’s Books of the Commonwealth, addressed to Atticus, and writ in Golden Letters: And six days Journey thence, they found in a pleasant Valley and near a fine Fountain, an oldfashion’d Tomb, cover’d part with Earth and Moss; and when they rubb’d these off, they found by some Characters cut in the Stone, that it was the Poet Ovid’s. In 158S Stephen Batorri, King of Poland, being dead after 10 Years Reign, the Polish Gentry that of a long time had admir’d Zamoski's Virtue, judg’d him worthy of the Crown: But he himself being against the Honour, he voted with the Archbishop of Gnesna for Sigismund, Prince of Swedeland, whom he setled upon the Throne, notwithstanding the Archduke Maximilian’s Endeavours to obstruft it. Zamoski was so great an Admirer of Learning, that besides the several Colleges he persuaded the King to establish, he himself Founded a fine University in a Town he built, and call’d it Zamoski. After he had Commanded the Armies of this powerful Kingdom 24 Years, he died in 1605, aged 63. Academie des Sciences.