YWCA children's home at Hahnenklee

The United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), and later the International Refugee Organization (IRO), was tasked with caring for millions of Displaced Persons (DPs) across post-WWII Europe: refugees, concentration camp survivors, forced laborers, and a large number of orphaned and lost children. They often worked with voluntary agencies like the World's YMCA and YWCA to manage camp activities and manage homes for children.

When we ran across this photo album from a YWCA children's home in the same archive file as the  History of the YMCA/YWCA we wondered if it was related to the National Infants' Orphanage of Rīga or National Orphanage of Majori, whose children the German public authorities had ordered evacuated to Germany. We do know the children from the Rīga orphanage and their caretakers found their way to Hahnenklee. A February 1947 newspaper report from Flensburg discussing procedures for adopting children from the Majori orphanage implies some, at least, wound up there, while (in our research) others wound up in Hahnenklee.

As we searched through archives, we found a story of tragedy, intrigue, perseverence, and new beginnings.

About the Hahnenklee children's home

Kurhaus Hahnenklee at center, colored postcard image (retouched)

This was, in fact, a large scale operation. The home was located in the "Kurhaus Hahnenklee" (Hahnenklee Spa Hotel), a large, repurposed hotel in the small resort town of Hahnenklee, in the Harz mountains. The town was in the British occupation zone. The home was established in mid-1945 and operated until at least 1949. It was officially an UNRRA/IRO Children's Centre operated jointly by the World Alliance of YMCAs and national YWCAs. The American, British, and Swedish YMCAs were particularly involved in supplying personnel and resources. The home initially housed a mix of orphaned and displaced children from across Europe. Many were Polish, Baltic (Latvian, Lithuanian, Estonian), and Ukrainian. At its peak, it housed over 700 children.

The goal of the Hahnenklee home was to provide shelter and food and to rehabilitate the children physically, mentally, and emotionally from the trauma of war. A full school was established within the home, teaching basic academics, languages, and vocational skills. The YMCA/YWCA philosophy emphasized restoring a sense of childhood. This included organizing sports, scouting groups, arts and crafts, music, and religious services. As the DP camp system evolved, the focus shifted to preparing children for emigration to new countries, primarily the United States, Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom. They were taught language basics and cultural customs. Owing to its beautiful location, excellent organization, and the dedication of its staff, Hahnenklee was often held up as a model UNRRA children's home. It received visits from dignitaries and was featured in promotional films and reports.

The children of the Rīga Latvian orphanage

As the Soviet Red Army advanced westward in late 1944, many Latvians, fearing a return of Soviet repression, fled westwards towards Germany. Historical records, including UNRRA reports and survivor testimonies, confirm the arrival of the children of the National Infants' Orphanage of Rīga and their caretakers. Per the Latvian National Archives (see “Read more”):

In the autumn of 1944, when military activities had already covered a large part of Latvia, the German public authorities ordered that children from the National Infants' Orphanage of Rīga and National Orphanage of Majori were evacuated to Germany. Initially they were placed in Swinemuende and Albeck, but in the spring of 1945 the National Infants' Orphanage of Rīga was moved to Hahnenklee in Harz Mountains, but National Orphanage of Majori was moved to Sierksdorf after a short stay in Rügen Island. Later children from this orphanage lived in Fisav, Malente, Rohlstorf and Klingenberg.

These Latvian orphans were attentively and with love cared for by Ignats Kuzmins, Smaida Ašeniece, Roze Briede (Austruma), Gaida Pūce, Alma Seķe (Mežaka), E. Heine, M. Rusova, A. Raiskuma, K. Raiskums, A. Zoss, V. Bergfelde and many other employees of Latvian orphanages. In the difficult times they received huge support from the Trustee Boards of the Latvian Red Cross and employees of other Latvian organisations.

In 1949 the majority of Latvian orphans were taken from Germany to the USA, Canada and Australia, while some remained to live in Germany.

Their own teachers/caretakers continued to educate them in the Latvian language, history, and culture. This was a core part of the YMCA/YWCA/UNRRA philosophy: to provide not just physical care but also to sustain the children's cultural identity while they were in limbo. Photographs from the Hahnenklee archives show groups of children in traditional Latvian folk costumes, celebrating national holidays, which strongly indicates the presence of a well-organized and culturally active Latvian community within the home.

After the war, many of the children resettled to the same destinations as other Latvian refugees.

A darker picture

The orphans from Rīga were not immune from the ravages of war. "Children travelled to the Harz Mountains as part of the Kinderlandverschickung (children's evacuation program), and pregnant women came there to give birth: Hahnenklee was once the region's most populous birthplace. For some blue-eyed, blond children from Latvia, the stay proved fatal."1 Shortly after the war, in the former mothers' home of the Nationalsozialistische Volkswohlfahrt (“National Socialist People’s Welfare”) 18 Latvian children died from starvation under unclear circumstances. And the US Holocaust Memorial Museum's archival material included: "Latvian Children, Hahnenklee, Germany, May 4, 1945. INT, MSs, CUs, several small children, sick and undernourished, lying in beds."

The Rīga Orphans' Home building at Kapseļu iela 31, built in 1911 and registered as a national monument, still an orphanage today

We were left with more questions than answers. Latvian children were traveling to Germany on to holiday camps as part of the Kinderlandverschickung as early as 1942.2 How many children were evacuated as the Red Army returned? Were there other Latvian orphans in Hahnenklee besides those from Rīga? What more do we know about the orphans who perished?

We found some answers in an article in U.S.-published LAIKS, Nr.30 (April 13, 1991).

„ Latvijas bāreņi Vācijā “

AICINĀJUMS PLAŠĀKAI SARUNAI

Lai iepazītu Rīgas Republikāniskā zīdaiņu nama daudzu gadu desmitu ilgo pagātni, tā mazo iemītnieku traģiski sarežģītos likteņus, nav nemaz nepieciešams iet uz lielajiem arhīviem, meklēt tur sen noliktas un vēlāk reti cilātas bāreņu lietas. To visu var izdarīt uz vietas, turpat Kapseļu ielā 31, kur mazo bāreņu smiekli, raudas un nereti ari palīgā saucieni skan jau kopš 1922. gada.

Zīdaiņu namā rūpīgi saglabāti saraksti, ziņas par visiem tiem mazajiem cilvēkbērniem, kuri, dažādu likteņa triecienu vajāti, tur nokļuvuši laika posmā no 1922. līdz 1939. gadam, kā ari pēc 1945. gada. Dažādi dokumenti pavēsta, kurus bērnus paņēmuši tuvinieki, kuri nodoti adoptācijā vai pārvesti uz citiem bērnu namiem, kuri saslimuši un nomiruši...

Un tā gadu no gada. Gadu no gada.

Tikai mazo bāreņu saraksti, kā arī citi dokumenti, par Otrā pasaules kara gadiem Kapseļu ielā nav atrodami.

Šodien tikai retais zinās, ka 1944. gada rudenī šie mazie iemītnieki — tāpat kā Baldones, Liepājas, Majoru, kā arī dažu citu latviešu bērnu namu bērni — tika aizvesti tālu prom no dzimtenes, uz Vāciju. Ja daudzi Baldones bērnu nama un Liepājas zīdaiņu nama audzēkņi 1945. un 1946. gadā atgriezās savā dzimtajā Latvijā, tad citādi izveidojās svešumā aizvesto Kapseļu ielas zīdaiņu nama mazo iemītnieku tālākie dzīves ceļi.

Šis iestādes ilggadējā vadītāja Veronika Bergfelde kādā vēstulē Zviedrijas latviešu sabiedrībai tolaik rakstīja:

"Vēlos pateikties Jums par labo gribu mums palīdzēt un aicinājumu kaut ko tuvāk pastāstīt par šo latviešu bērnu patversmi — agrāko Rīgas pilsētas zīdaiņu namu.

"To evakuēja 1944. gada 5. novembrī (5. oktobrī — J.R.) uz vācu militāriestāžu rīkojumu. Vispirms mēs nokļuvām Svmemindē, kur nodzīvojām samērā labos apstākļos līdz 1945. gada 11. martam. Tad mūs iz bumboja un 2 nedēļas bijām iekortelēti pagraba telpās, kamēr vācu kungi atrada par iespējamu mūs izlaist.

"Maija pirmās dienās nonācām Harea kalnājā. Drīz pēc tam tur iemaršēja amerikāņi. Viss bija sajukuma stāvoklī. Amerikāņu karaspēka daļas pirmā laikā bieži mainījās, un, ko vieni solīja, to otri nevarēja izpildīt, jo nāca jau trešie.

"Rezultātā mēs nākošās sešas nedēļas tikko varējam izturēt — jau pieaugušie tikko kustējās, bet 19 bērnus nācās apbedīt šejienes kapsētā.

"Sākot ar 1945. gada jūniju, mūsu stāvoklis uzlabojās — bērni drīz dabūja visu nepieciešamo. Protams, trūka augļu un vitamīnu, bet taukvielu bijā pietiekami.

"1946. gada rudenī apstākļi kļuva ļaunāki. Ziema bija ļoti smaga, bet mēs iztikām ar ietaupījumiem. Tagad tie ir jau izlietoti, un stāvoklis kļuvis tiešām katastrofāls. Dienu no dienas bērni krītas svarā, un arī pieaugušie ir noguruši. Tāds ir vispārējais stāvoklis un no tā varat saprast, ka galvenais trūkums ir taukvielas — vienalga, sviests, margarīns vai kāda eļļa — galvenais, ka tik vairāk gramu tauku dabūtu.

"Otrkārt mums trūkst cukura: bērni līdz 6 gadiem dabū 18 gramus, vecāki par 6 gadiem — 9 gramus dienā.

"Lielas grūtības ir ar apģērbu. Meitenēm varam vēl ko vieglāk sagādāt, daudz grūtāk ko dabūt ir zēniem.

"No UNRRA esam saņēmuši tik maz, ka līdz šim galvenam kārtām vajadzēja iztikt ar krājumiem, kas bija līdzi no Rīgas. Bet ar tiem esam iztikuši veselus trīs gadus, un pašlaik tie galīgi beidzas. Bet visļaunākais ir ar apaviem. Rīgā bijām zīdaiņu nams — un apavus viņiem nevajadzēja. Un patlaban nekad nav bijis tik daudz kā ko bērniem vajadzētu... Es lūdzu mums palīdzēt, cik vien iespējams."

Par godu zviedru pašu un Zviedrijas latviešu sabiedrībai jāsaka, ka tās latviešu bāreņu grūtībām bija ļoti atsaucīgas.

Mācītāja Alberta Vegera izdotais un Jāna Grīna rediģētais laikraksts "Latvju Ziņas" Stokholmā šiem bāreņiem veltīja lielu, pastāvīgu uzmanību. Tā slejās parādījās plaša informācija par latviešu bāreņu stāvokli Vācijā, kā arī aicinājumi sniegt viņiem visu iespējamo palīdzību. Tā, piemēram, laikrakstā ievietotajā aicinājumā "Glābsim latviešu bērnus!" norādīts:

"Vācijā arvien sliktāki kļūst pārtikas apstākļi un stipri apdraud simtus un tūkstošus latviešu bērnu. Starp tiem visvairāk apdraudēti ir tie, kam nav apgādnieku. Ir prāvas bērnu grupas, ko uztur bēgļu apgādes iestādes. Latviešu pašu organizācijas līdz šim lūkoja paplāno apgādi papildināt, bet turpmāk to spēs mazākos, pat niecīgos apmēros. Tuberkuloze, mazasinība un citas kaites jau sedzas tieši pār šo latviešu bērnu galvām.

"Vācijas LCK priekšsēdis profesors A. Švābe piesūtījis šejienes LPK (Latviešu palīdzības komiteja — J.R.) to latviešu bēgļu sarakstu, kuriem nepieciešama steidzama palīdzība. Šai sarakstā ir 1553 bērnu vārdi, uzvārdi, adreses. Viņu starpā 76 pilnīgi bāreņi."

Kādā citā informācijā minētais laikraksts norāda:

"Latviešu bērnu pulciņš — 60 zēni un 32 meitenes (no tiem 70 ir 3-6 gadus veci, bet pārējie jaunāki un vecāki) atrodas Hanenklē. Tas ir bijušais Rīgas pilsētas zīdaiņu nams..."

Kādā arhīva dokumentā norādīts, ka 1948. gada vasarā Vācijā, Hanenklē, Oberhardē "Golf Hotel" viesnīcā atradušies šādi no Latvijas aizvestie bērni:

Andrejevs, Jānis Asars, Jānis Balodis, Jānis Bergmams, Valdis Blumītis, Valda Bogdanova, Jānis Brūvers, Henrihs Blažēvics, Eduards Bumbieris, Sergejs Beirods, Dzidra Malvīne Cīrule, Kārlis Dainis, Valija Dreijere, Vilis Dreijers, Harijs Ēķis, Jēkabs Freimanis, Arnolds Egilovičs, Liliāna Jumis, Ivars Kalniņš, Elza Kazimirenko, Imnats Kercis, Elza Kreimane, Vaļa Kuprisova, Grigorijs Laizāns, Eduards Lavotins, Nikolajs Ļebedevs, Andris Levius, Mirdza Leviusa, Kurts Bruno Ludvigs, Alfrēds Lunaitis, Lidija Mikulāne, Viktorija Maculēviča, Ādolfs Muižnieks, Juris Nikolajevs, Imants Nette, Juris Ozoliņš, Vizbulīte Paeglīte, Nikoljas Peskovs, Ilmārs Pūce, Jāzeps Puškundziņš, Gunārs Rebane, Vilnis Resnacis, Jānis Skalders, Māra Zinaīda Skriba, Jānis Ščepuļenoks, Pēters Subatjallo, Alfreds Sakals, Anita Tihomirova, Gunārs Vaļenoks, Jānis Zaičevskis, Alfreds Zaļums, Anita Zamaiča, Guntis Zīmulis, Jānis Zābergs, Daumants Amantovs, Aleksandra Andrejeva, Katrīna Drugaveika, Nikolajs Igorčenko, Voldemārs Karsaks, Tatjana Naparova, Marija Platača, Natālija Tirāne.

Šiem bāreņiem mācītāja A. Vegera vadībā "Nordiska Missionen" 1947. gada septembri vien nosūtīja dažādas viņiem tik ļoti nepieciešamas mantas 1000 kronu vērtībā Zviedrijas latviešu palīdzības komiteja 1948. gada pavasarī latviešu bērniem Vācijā nosūtīja 279 paciņas. Bez tam šī komiteja ar Jaunzema kunga palīdzību Libekā bāriņiem sadalīja 250 kilogramus apģērba un apavu, kā ari dažādas citas mantas. Ļoti lielu palīdzību latviešu bāreņiem sniedza zviedru bērnu palīdzības organizācija "Radda Barnen", kā ari citas zviedru un latviešu organizācijas. Tā, piemēram, Čepingā dzīvojošie latvieši līdz 1949. gada janvārim savāca 1411 kronas un par šo naudu uz Vāciju nosūtīja 67,5 kg speķa, 17 kg cūku tauku, 47 kg cukura, 10,25 kg kafijas, 109,5 kg maizes un miltu, 10 kg auzu pārslu, 2 kg kakao, 4,05 kg ziepju, kā arī daudz citu bērniem-bāreņiem tik nepieciešamo lietu. Līdzīgi rīkojās ari citās Zviedrijas vietās dzīvojošie latvieši.

Man gribētos apgalvot, ka tieši šāda cilvēciska atsaucība, tāpat kā viņu audzinātāju pašaizliedzīgās pūles, lielā mērā bijušā Rīgas pilsētas Kapseļu ielas zīdaiņu nama mazajiem iemītniekiem palīdzēja pārdzīvot šis grūtās trūkuma un bada pilnas dienas.

Četrdesmito gadu beigās, kad arvien plašāk izvērsās latviešu izceļošana no Vācijas uz Amerikas Savienotajām Valstīm, Kanādu, Austrāliju, kā arī citām valstīm, beidza pastāvēt arī latviešu bērnu nami. Daudzus bērnus pieņēma audzināšanā latviešu tautības cilvēki, bet citi nokļuva citu valstu pilsoņu aprūpē un audzināšanā.

Viņu likteņu izzināšana, manuprāt, ir nepieciešama ne tikai latviešu bāra bērnu pagātnes apkopošanai, daudzos gadījumos tā ir vajadzīga arī viņu šodienai.

Pavisam nesen ar Zviedrijā dzīvojošā mūsu tautieša Jura Tara lielo pretimnākšanu un atsaucību kādai Baldones bijušā bērnu nama audzēknei izdevās atrast uz Vāciju aizves- to, — likās, uz visiem laikiem pazaudēto — brāli.

Bet ar tādām pat cerībām gan tepat pie mums Latvijā, gan citās zemēs dzīvo vēl daudzi. Daudzus dokumentus un likteņa stāstus iepazīstot, esam pārliecinājušies, ka tieši bāreņu likteņi ir vislielākā traģisma pilni. Un tamdēļ varu būt gandarīts, ka bijušā Kapseļu ielas zīdaiņu nama, Majoru bērnu nama, kā ari citu latviešu bāra bērnu likteņu izzināšanā šodien ir iesaistījušies daudzi labi cilvēki ne tikai Latvijā, bet arī Vācijā, Amerikā, Zviedrijā, Kanādā, Austrālija. Ļoti gribētos cerēt, ka arī viņu pūles bez labiem panākumiem neizpaliks.

Mēs arvien būsim pateicīgi par katru palīdzību, par katra Latvijas bāreņa izzināto likteni.

Rīgas Republikāniskā zīdaiņu nama galvenā ārste Biruta Miklešēvica daudzu citu interesantu dokumentu vidū man parādīja ari senlaicīgi skaisto "Valsts zīdaiņu patversmes goda viesu grāmatu", kurā savus parakstus atstājuši gan Latvijas valsts prezidents Jānis Čakste, gan Zigfrīds Meierovics, Berta Pīpiņa, kā arī daudzi citi cienījami bāreņu likteņos iejūtīgi un atsaucīgi cilvēki. Taču ne jau tikai ieraksti goda viesu grāmatā apliecina Latvijas Republikas vadītāju attieksmi pret bāreņu likteņiem. Ari vēl šodien daktera J. Nīmaņa klīnikā — ilggadīgajā zīdaiņu namā var skatīt tās pašas vanniņas, kvarca lampas, kā arī manēžas, ko mazo bērnu vajadzībām ierīkoja pirms daudziem, daudziem gadiem... Bet, kad pārcilājām Valsts Rīgas zīdaiņu nama 20 gadu pastāvēšanas atceres dokumentus, tur ieraudzījām gan daudzus siltus apsveikumus, gan Lūcijas Garūtas, Jāņa Ķepīša, Marisa Vētras, gan daudzu citu latviešu mākslinieku vārdus.

Man šķiet, ka ir pienācis pats pēdējais laiks šis skaistās, humānās Latvijas Republikas laikā iedibinātās tradīcijas atjaunot. Un arī "goda viesu grāmatā" baltu neaizpildītu lappušu vēl ir gana. Kuri šodien būs tie labie cilvēki, kas, ceļu uz Kapseļu ielas zīdaiņu namu, kā arī uz citiem bērnu namiem, atraduši, gribēs tās aizpildīt un ar saviem labajiem darbiem būs cienīgi to darīt?

JĀNIS RIEKSTIŅŠ,
Latvijas Bāreņu biedrības
domes loceklis
(Rīga 226059,
Ieriķu ielā 43 dz. 20)

“Latvian Orphans in Germany”

A CALL FOR A BROADER CONVERSATION

To become acquainted with the long decades-long past of the Rīga LSSR Infants’ Home, with the tragically complicated fates of its small inhabitants, there is no need whatsoever to the major archives, to search there for orphan files long tucked away and later seldom accessed. All this can be done on the spot, right there at 31 Kapseļu Street, where the little orphans’ laughter, crying and often also cries for help have already been heard since 1922.

Carefully preserved in the Infants’ Home are lists and information about all those little children, who, driven there by various blows of fate, arrived during the period from 1922 to 1939, as well as after 1945. Various documents reveal which children were taken by relatives, which were given up for adoption or transferred to other children's homes, which fell ill and died...

And so year after year. Year after year.

Only the lists of the little orphans, as well as other documents, for the years of the Second World War are not to be found at Kapseļu Street.

Today only a few would know that in the autumn of 1944 these small inhabitants — just like the children of the Baldone, Liepāja, Majori, and also some other Latvian children’s homes — were taken far away from their homeland, to Germany. If many of the children of the Baldone Children’s Home and the Liepāja Infants’ Home returned to their native Latvia in 1945 and 1946, the subsequent paths in life of the small inhabitants of the Kapseļu Street Infants’ Home, taken away into foreign lands, turned out differently.

The long-time director of this institution, Veronika Bergfelde, wrote at that time in a letter to the Latvian community in Sweden:

"I wish to thank you for the goodwill to help us and for the invitation to tell something a little closer about this Latvian children's refuge — the former Rīga City Infants’ Home.

"It was evacuated on 5 November 1944 (5 October — J.R.) by order of German military institutions. At first we ended up in Swinemünde, where we lived in comparatively good conditions until 11 March 1945. Then we were bombed out and for 2 weeks were lodged in basement rooms until the Germans found it possible to let us out.

"In the first days of May we arrived in the Harz Mountains. Soon after that the Americans marched in there. Everything was in a state of confusion. Units of the American army changed often at first, and what one group promised, the next could not fulfill because a third had already arrived.

"As a result, we could barely endure during the following six weeks — already the adults could barely move, and 19 children had to be buried in the cemetery here.

"Starting with June 1945, our condition improved — the children soon got everything necessary. Of course, fruit and vitamins were lacking, but we had enough fats.

"In the autumn of 1946 conditions became worse. The winter was very severe, but we lived off what we had managed to save up. That has now been all used up, and the situation has become truly catastrophic. Day by day the children lose weight, and the adults are exhausted. That is the general condition and from it you can understand that the main lack is fats — whether butter, margarine, or some oil — the main thing is simply if only we could get more grams of fat.

"Secondly, we lack sugar: children up to 6 years get 18 grams, older than 6 — 9 grams per day.

"There are great difficulties with clothing. For the girls we can still more easily procure something; it is much harder to obtain something for the boys.

"We have received so little from UNRRA that until now we mainly had to rely on the supplies we had brought from Rīga. While we managed with those for three whole years, at present they are completely running out. But the worst [situation] is with footwear. In Rīga we were an infants’ home — and they did not need shoes. And at present there has never been so much as what the children would now need... I beg that you help us as much as possible."

To the credit of the Swedes themselves and of the Swedish Latvian community it must be said that they were very responsive to the difficulties of the Latvian orphans.

The newspaper "Latvju Ziņas," published by Pastor Alberts Vegers and edited by Jānis Grīns in Stockholm, devoted great and constant attention to these orphans. Extensive information appeared in its columns about the condition of Latvian orphans in Germany, as well as appeals to provide them with all possible assistance. For example, in the appeal "Let Us Save the Latvian Children!" published in the newspaper, it was noted:

"In Germany food conditions are becoming ever worse and severely threaten hundreds and thousands of Latvian children. Among them the most endangered are those who have no providers. There are substantial groups of children supported by refugee welfare institutions. Latvians’ own organizations until now have tried to supplement the paltry welfare, but going forward they will only be able to do so in smaller, even just tiny amounts. Tuberculosis, anemia, and other ailments already hang directly over these Latvian children's heads.

"The chairman of the German LCK [Latvian Central Committee], Professor A. Švābe, has sent to the LPK (Latvian Relief Committee — J.R.) the list of those Latvian refugees who require urgent help. In this list are 1,553 children's names, surnames, addresses. 76 among them are complete orphans."

In another report the afore-mentioned newspaper states:

"A small group of Latvian children — 60 boys and 32 girls (of them 70 are 3–6 years old, while the rest are younger or older) are located in Hanenklee. This is the former Rīga City Infants’ Home..."

In an archive document it is noted that in the summer of 1948 in Germany, in Hanenklee, in the Oberharz "Golf Hotel" [also housing British military government headquarters] there were the following children taken from Latvia:

Andrejevs, Jānis Asars, Jānis Balodis, Jānis Bergmams, Valdis Blumītis, Valda Bogdanova, Jānis Brūvers, Henrihs Blažēvics, Eduards Bumbieris, Sergejs Beirods, Dzidra Malvīne Cīrule, Kārlis Dainis, Valija Dreijere, Vilis Dreijers, Harijs Ēķis, Jēkabs Freimanis, Arnolds Egilovičs, Liliāna Jumis, Ivars Kalniņš, Elza Kazimirenko, Imnats Kercis, Elza Kreimane, Vaļa Kuprisova, Grigorijs Laizāns, Eduards Lavotins, Nikolajs Ļebedevs, Andris Levius, Mirdza Leviusa, Kurts Bruno Ludvigs, Alfrēds Lunaitis, Lidija Mikulāne, Viktorija Maculēviča, Ādolfs Muižnieks, Juris Nikolajevs, Imants Nette, Juris Ozoliņš, Vizbulīte Paeglīte, Nikoljas Peskovs, Ilmārs Pūce, Jāzeps Puškundziņš, Gunārs Rebane, Vilnis Resnacis, Jānis Skalders, Māra Zinaīda Skriba, Jānis Ščepuļenoks, Pēters Subatjallo, Alfreds Sakals, Anita Tihomirova, Gunārs Vaļenoks, Jānis Zaičevskis, Alfreds Zaļums, Anita Zamaiča, Guntis Zīmulis, Jānis Zābergs, Daumants Amantovs, Aleksandra Andrejeva, Katrīna Drugaveika, Nikolajs Igorčenko, Voldemārs Karsaks, Tatjana Naparova, Marija Platača, Natālija Tirāne.

Under Pastor A. Vegers’s guidance, "Nordiska Missionen" in September 1947 alone sent various items to these orphans, so greatly needed by them, at a value of 1000 kronor. The Swedish Latvian Relief Committee in the spring of 1948 sent 279 parcels to Latvian children in Germany. In addition, this committee, with the help of Mr. Jaunzems in Lübeck, distributed 250 kilograms of clothing and shoes, as well as various other items, to the orphans. The Swedish children's relief organization "Rädda Barnen" as well as other Swedish and Latvian organizations provided immense help to the Latvian orphans. For example, Latvians living in Köping collected 1411 kronor up to January 1949, and for this money sent to Germany 67.5 kg of bacon, 17 kg of pork fat, 47 kg of sugar, 10.25 kg of coffee, 109.5 kg of bread and flour, 10 kg of oat flakes, 2 kg of cocoa, 4.05 kg of soap, as well as many other things so necessary for the children-orphans. Latvians living in other places in Sweden acted similarly.

I would like to assert that precisely such human responsiveness, as well as the self-sacrificing efforts of their caretakers, helped in large measure the small inhabitants of the former Rīga City Kapseļu Street Infants’ Home to survive these difficult days full of want and hunger.

In the late forties, when the emigration of Latvians from Germany to the United States, Canada, Australia, and also other countries expanded ever more, the Latvian children's homes also ceased to exist. Many children were taken in for upbringing by people of Latvian nationality, but others ended up in the care and upbringing of citizens of other countries.

The discovery of their fates, in my opinion, is necessary not only for the compiling of the Latvian orphans’ past; in many cases it is necessary also for their present.

Quite recently, through the great goodwill and responsiveness of our compatriot Juris Tara, living in Sweden, it was possible to find for a former student of the Baldone Children's Home her brother, taken to Germany — seemingly lost forever.

But with the same hopes, both here with us in Latvia and in other lands, many more still live. Having become acquainted with many documents and life-stories, we have become convinced that the orphans’ fates are the most filled with tragedy. And therefore I may be satisfied that in the investigation of the fates of the former Kapseļu Street Infants’ Home, the Majori Children’s Home, and also other Latvian orphans, many good people today have become involved, not only in Latvia, but also in Germany, America, Sweden, Canada, Australia. I would very much like to hope that their efforts too will not go without positive results.

We will always be grateful for every asssistance, for every discovered fate of a Latvian orphan.

The chief physician of the Rīga Republican Infants’ Home, Biruta Miklešēvica, among many other interesting documents, also showed me the old and beautiful "Guest Book of Honor of the State Infants’ Refuge," in which their signatures have been left both by the President of Latvia, Jānis Čakste↗, and by Zigfrīds Meierovics↗, Berta Pīpiņa↗, as well as many other respected people, sensitive and responsive to the fates of orphans. Yet not only entries in the guest book testify to the attitude of the leaders of the Republic of Latvia toward the orphans’ fates. Even today in Dr. J. Nīmanis’s clinic — the longtime Infants’ Home — one can see the same bathing tubs, quartz lamps, as well as play-pens, set up for the small children’s needs many, many years ago... And as we went through the documents of the 20th anniversary of the State Rīga Infants’ Home, there we saw both many warm greetings and the names of Lūcija Garūta↗, Jānis Ķepītis↗↗lv, Mariss Vētra↗, as well as many other Latvian artists.

It seems to me that the very last time has come to restore these beautiful, humane traditions established during the time of the Republic of Latvia. And also in the "guest book of honor" there are still plenty of white, unfilled pages. Who today will be those good people who, having found their way to the Kapseļu Street Infants’ Home, as well as to other children's homes, will wish to fill them and with their good deeds be worthy to do so?

JĀNIS RIEKSTIŅŠ,
Member of the Board
of the Latvian Orphans’ Association
(Rīga 226059,
43 Ieriķu Street, apt. 20)

Hahnenklee, 1948

Here is an account of a visit to Hahnenklee, from 1948. Tēvzeme, Fatherland, Nr. 36 (May 8, 1948).

„ CIEMOS LATVIEŠU SĒRDIEŅU NAMĀ HĀNENKLĒ “

Gājiens pa mežainajiem Harcu kalniem uz mazo kūrorta pilsētiņu ielejā nav viegls. Sirds nepriecājas par gleznainajām kalnu ainām, jo mans mērķis ir kāda viesnīca, kur kopš 1945. g. maija mitinās latviešu bērni, kuriem pēc drausmīgā pasaules negaisa vairs nav ne tēva, ne mātes, bet vienīgi mūsu kopējās asinis un tāds pats liktenis kā mums visiem — dzīvot svešumā, kamēr reiz atkal mirdzēs acīs un karsēs sejas atbrīvotās Latviias saule.

Ieejot labi uzturētajās telpās, pēkšņi visapkārt kā priecīgu pavasara ūdeņu skanēšana dzirdamas bērnu čalas. Kustas gaišmatainas galviņas, zib zīlas actiņas, dudina sīkas balstiņas, visi ir aizņemti ar ģērbšanos, jo tikko beigušās diendusas stundas un aiz loga vilināt vilina zaļais un saulē mirdzošais ārs.

Atklājas sirsnīgs skats: divi lielāki zēni pašlaik pūlas mazākajam uzvilkt biksītes, bet tas apķēries sīkajām rociņām abiem ap kaklu, nemitīgi kaut ko dūc, kuldina kājiņas un smejas.

„ Jūs gan laikam mīļi draugi? “

„ Jā, tikai Kārlēns neklausa. “

„ Mēs iesim laukā “, saka mazais, palikdams rāms un izbrīnējies skatās mirkli draugos, mirkli manī un pirkstiņš ieslīd sārtajā mutītē. Bet te jau nāk pirmā audzinātāja, viņai apkārt bariņš jauku meitenīšu un man jākāpj vēl nākošā stāvā, kur mazā jumtistabiņā mitinās nama dvēsele-Zenta Celmiņa.

Hānenklē bērnu namā pašlaik 75 latviešu bērni. no 1 — 8 g. veci, lielākā daļa meiteņu. Līdz 1947. g. augustam namu vadīja Dr. Bergfelde, bet līdz 1948. g. martam Dr. Utināne, kuŗu nomainīja angļu un ungāru tautības ierēdņi. Telpas labas. Ēdiens četras reizes dienā; to šad tad papildina Zviedrijas tautiešu atsūtītās pārtikas paciņas. Vairāk vajadzētu apģērbu, bet jo sevišķi apavu. Arī rotaļlietu un skaistu bilžu grāmatu trūkst. Nupat jāsāk skola, taču nav vajadzīgo grāmatu, nav arī nekādu līdzekļu to iegādei. Audzinātājas pašas no savas mazās mēneša algas gādā pirmās mācības grāmatas, un lai jau mazotnē ieaudzinātu dāvanu saņemšanas prieku, rūpējas ari par dzimum un vārda dienu veltēm.

„ Vai jūs bieži apciemo arī mīļi un gaidīti ciemiņi?" “

„ Pirmajos trimdas gados to biia vairāk, tagad pavisam reti. Bet šodien vēl mūsu mazie atceras Mediņa, Sepes un Pulcipas-Karpas dziesmas un mūziku. Mēs būtu ļoti iepriecināti, ja mākslinieki arī turpmāk mūs biežāk atcerētos. Vienīgie, kas naaizmirst mūs apciemot, ir Cellerfeides mežinieki, arī Klaustāles invalidu aroda skolas audzēkni, un starp darba un Kurzemes ugunīs rūdītajiem vīriem un mazajiem nodibinājusies patiesi aizkustinoša draudzība, to vēl vajadzētu papildināt labdarīgajām organizācijām, arī garīdznieki tiek biežāk gaidīti, un tad mēs te tiešām justos labi. “

„ Kā ir ar audžu vecākiem?" “

„ Ir interesējušies tautieši pat no Šveices. Zviedrijas un tepat Vācijā dzīvo- jošie bet paga:dām adopcija nav iespējama." “

Mēs lēnām ejam cauri visām bērnu istabām. Pie sienām šur tur ir pašu neveiklie, sirsnīgie zīmējumi, bet neredz neviena latviešu gleznotāja darba, un kā te darētu tautas pasaku motīvu gleznojumi, jo bērniem šodien, tāpat kā glāstu, kā saules visvairāk ir vajadzīgs priekšmetu un lietu, kas rosinātu jauno dvēseļu fantāziju un priecinātu sirsniņas, kas nejūt vecāku mīlestību.

Disciplinētās rindās garām paiet pulciņš meiteņu un zēnu. Nodzirkstī telpa, sāk šūpoties gaiss līksmajās valodās, un viņos noskatoties ir tā, it kā jau šodien bērnu sejiņās kļūst redzamas pa zelta zīmei mums pašiem un nākotnei.

Nepaliksim vienaldzīgi, būsim karsti viņu mīļotāji un atbalstītāji, jo tur aug jaunatne, kuŗas liela daļa dzimtenes baigo sāpju laikā ir gājusi bojā.

Alberts Eglītis.

Skat. fotoattēlu angļu valodas tulkojumā.

“VISITING THE LATVIAN WAR-ORPHAN HOME IN HAHNENKLEE”

The hike through the forested Harz Mountains to the small spa town lying in the valley is not an easy one. My heart takes no joy in the picturesque mountain scenery, for my goal is a certain boarding house where, since May 1945, Latvian children have been living — children who, after the dreadful storm of war, no longer have a father or a mother, having only our shared blood and the same fate as all of us: to live in exile until once again the sun of a freed Latvia shines in their eyes and warms their faces.

Upon entering the well-kept rooms, suddenly all around me, like the murmur of cheerful spring waters, I hear the chatter of children. Fair-haired heads move about, blue eyes flash, tiny voices buzz; everyone is busy dressing, for the afternoon rest hour has just ended, and beyond the window the green, sun-bright beckoning outdoors calls to them.

A heartfelt sight opens before me: two older boys are struggling to pull trousers onto a younger one, while the little fellow, arms flung around both their necks, keeps grumbling something, pattering his feet, and laughing.

“You must be dear friends, I suppose?”

“Yes, only little Kārlēns doesn’t listen.”

“We’re going outside”, says the small one, growing calm, staring a moment at his friends, for a moment at me, while a little finger slips into his rosy mouth. But now the first caregiver is arriving, surrounded by a cluster of lovely little girls, and I must climb another floor, to the tiny attic room where the soul of the home — Zenta Celmiņa — lives.

At present there are 75 Latvian children in the Hahnenklee home, from ages 1 to 8, the majority girls. Until August 1947 the home was directed by Dr. Bergfelde, and until March 1948 by Dr. Utināne, who was then replaced by English and Hungarian officials. The rooms are good. Meals are served four times daily, occasionally supplemented by food parcels sent by compatriots in Sweden. What is most needed is more clothing — especially shoes. Toys and picture-books are also lacking. School must begin soon, yet there are no necessary textbooks, nor any funds to obtain them. The caregivers themselves, from their small monthly pay, provide the first schoolbooks; and, so that even from a young age the children may learn the joy of receiving gifts, they also take care of name's-day and birthday presents.

“Do kindly awaited guests visit you often as well?”

“In the first years of exile there were more, now very seldom. But even today our little ones remember the songs and music of Mediņš, Sepe, and Pulcīte-Karpa. We would be very delighted if artists continued to remember us more often. The only ones who never forget to visit are the foresters of Zellerfeld, as well as the apprentices of the Clausthal school for disabled workers; between those men — tempered by labor and the fires of Courland — and these little ones a truly moving friendship has grown. This ought also to be supported by charitable organizations; clergy, too, are greatly hoped for — and then we here would truly feel well.”

“And what about foster parents?”

“Even compatriots from Switzerland have inquired. Those living in Sweden and here in Germany as well — but for the time being adoption is not possible.”

We slowly walk through all the children’s rooms.

We slowly walk through all the children’s rooms. On the walls here and there hang their own awkward yet heartfelt drawings, but not a single work by a Latvian painter can be seen. How fitting folk-tale-themed paintings would be here, for children today, just like they need caresses, like they need sunshine, need most of all objects and images that stir young souls’ imagination and gladden their small hearts—hearts that feel no parental love.

A little troop of girls and boys passes by in disciplined rows. The room sparkles, the air begins to tremble with joyful voices, and watching them, one feels as though already today, on these children’s faces, golden signs for ourselves and for the future are beginning to appear.

Let us not remain indifferent; let us be warm in loving and supporting them, for here is growing a youth of whom a great part lost their lives in the fearful suffering of the homeland.

Alberts Eglītis.

Pie spēļu galda, at the game table
Mazie pusdienā, the little ones at lunch

The LSSR presses for the return of “Soviet children”

Notwithstanding Jānis Riekstiņš' earlier bemoaning, above, that children from the Rīga and Majori orphanages set off on a perilous and for some tragic journey into the unknown instead of being [lovingly and safely] repatriated home, as the were those from the Liepāja and Baldone orphanages, the prospect of repatriating to Soviet occupied Latvia was an anathema if not an existential threat for Latvians in the post-WWII DP camps.

And a threat it was. Riekstiņš' advocacy that repatriation should have occurred was not mere musing. The Soviet authorities had launched a concerted effort to get back every “Soviet child.”, an enterprise which the British authorities resisted. See this sample of a published lists of names. Brīvā Venta, Free Venta, Nr. 120 (August 5, 1948). We have highlighted Erna Kūlmanis, who features later in our narrative.

„ Saraksts Nr. 2 “ [“List No. 2”]

Palīdzēsim atgriezties dzimtenē padomju bērniem.
[Let us assist Soviet children in returning to the land of their birth.]
par padomju bērniem, kas atrodas angļu zona, Vācija.
[about Soviet children, who are found in the British zone, Germany.]

(Uzvārds, vārds, dzimšanas laiks)
[(Surname, name, date of birth = year, day, month)]

1. Barbanauskis Pauls 1942. g. 9. 3
2. Borisovs Žanis 1940. g. 1. 8
3. Boiko Jānis 1939. g. 20. 10
4. Bajars-Eriņš Antons 1940. g. 3. 4
5. Aumeistars Maija 1938. g. 24. 10
6. Ceriņš Vija 1940. g. 11. 4
7. Ceriņš Gunta 1938. g. 18. 10
8. Baranauskis Biruta-Viktorija 1942. g. 21. 2
9. Aržaniks Nadežda 1940. g. 13. 8
10. Akuls Nikolajs 1941. g. 10. 5
11. Buliņš Roberts 1939. g. 17. 3
12. Basakievičs Gunārs 1939. g. 30. 10
13. Erdmanis Laimonis Tālivaldis 1939. g. 17. 6
14. Antapsons Eduards 1939. g. 6. 2
15. Antapsons Arvids 1939. g. 29. 5
16. Aleksis Juris-Rich. 1940. g. 7. 2
17. Civulis Ivars 1939. g. 7. 6
18. Dreiže-Dreža Imants 1939. g. 22. 7
19. Gods Harijs 1939. g. 18. 9
20. Kleins Aleksandrs 1939. g. 28. 1
21. Francisks Kazmirs 1939. g. 6. 1
22. Gladiševa Marija 1938. g. 12. 3
23. Elderis Modrs Imants 1939. g. 27. 4
24. Kunzems Andrs 1940. g. 26. 2
25. Kosiorovskis Pēteris 1940. g. 23. 5
26. Cernomorda Jānis 1939. g. 19. 8
27. Igažnis Staņislavs 1939. g. 9. 9
28. Jankovskis Stefans 1939. g. 14. 7
29. Gudramovičs Imants 1940. g. 4. 5
30. Fedotovs Dmitrijs 1940. g. 1. 6
31. Geļeckis Regina 1940. g. 3. 3
32. Jirgensons Rita 1940. g. 6. 7
33. Klaudans Volrats 1939. g. 1. 6
34. Franks Imants 1939. g. 30. 4
35. Jaunkalža Andrs 1939. g. 22. 9
36. Gleidziņš Jānis 1939. g. 17. 5
37. Kiršanovs Ivans 1940. g. 22. 7
38. Kazdovs Pāvels 1940. g. 6. 7
39. Krasts Laimonis 1939. g. 15. 10
40. Melbārdis Arvids-Augusts 1936. g. 8. 8
41. Locis Biruta 1940. g. 16. 3
42. Niedra Antons 1941. g. 9. 3
43. Mihelis Nikolajs 1940. g. 15. 6
44. Mednis Pēteris 1940. g. 5. 6
45. Lakotins Vladimirs 1939. g. 25. 3
46. Murašovs Jānis 1939. g. 28. 1
47. Maļinovskis Viesturs 1939. g. 1. 4
48. Meļķis Juris 1939. g. 3. 3
49. Lavrinenoks Valdemārs 1939. g. 1. 10
50. Marcinkevičs Jānis 1939. g. 9. 12
51. Lovnieks Vladimirs 1940. g. 17. 2
52. Laizens Voldemārs 1940. g. 19. 7
53. Nazarovs Valdis 1939. g. 19. 7
54. Listovskis Oļģerts 1939. g. 27. 1
55. Ozoliņš Vilnis 1939. g. 26. 2
56. Smirnovs Pēteris 1938. g. 22. 3
57. Sinegins Voloģa 1937. g.
58. Sinegins Tola 1939. g.
59. Strautiņš Jānis-Andrejs 1940. g. 30. 12
60. Ratners Leonids 1940. g. 5. 2
61. Tums Antons 1940. g. 10. 3
62. Silis Arvids 1939. g. 8. 4
63. Puhita Zigmunds 1940. g. 21. 9
64. Sama Karja 1939. g. 27. 3
65. Salmiņš Edgars 1940. g. 3. 6
66. Palgnis Kirils 1940. g. 24. 2
67. Paško Valdis 1940. g. 24. 2
68. Stiprais Dāvis 1940. g. 7. 7
69. Štrals Pēteris 1940. g. 21. 2
70. Puisēns Arveds 1940. g. 21. 3
71. Rapa Mirdza 1941. g. 21. 5
72. Strautmanis Vilis 1939. g. 8. 6
73. Strautmanis Vilis [sic] 1939. g. 8. 6
74. Snips Jāzeps 1939. g. 23. 8
75. Pudzis Imants 1939. g. 11. 2
76. Starovers Jānis 1939. g. 3. 7
77. Pels Anna 1940. g. 19. 3
78. Tumošēvics Jānis 1940. g. 19. 3
79. Bikovičs Staņislavs 1939. g. 5. 1
80. Šetinbergs Alberts 1939. g. 13. 4
81. Trifonovs Anatolijs 1939. g. 21. 4
82. Puķīte Jānis-Alberts 1939. g. 6. 4
83. Pjatņicevs Fēliks 1940. g. 22. 7
84. Sniedziņš Pēteris 1939. g. 21. 1
85. Kuivans Viljams 1940. g. 9. 2
86. Zvidriņš Jadviga 1938. g.
87. Uvarova Valentīna 1942. g. 21. 2
88. Vachters Raimonds 1940. g. 10. 2
89. Vēbers Alfrēds 1940. g. 7. 1
90. Uškans-Uskans Jānis 1939. g. 7. 12
91. Vagans Andrejs 1940. g. 12. 5
92. Vaivods Andejs-Ilmars 1940. g. 18. 2
93. Zenkovs Jānis-Arvids 1939. g. 26. 10
94. Vagans Imants-Jānis 1939. g. 10. 9
95. Volosanovs Nikolajs 1940. g. 17. 6
96. Bivands Vilnis Elmārs 1939. g. 24. 6
97. Zavjalovs Pēteris 1939. g. 12. 7
98. Skutans Alberts
99. Zeidelis Edgars
100. Mikaškins Staņislavs
101. Drozdovs Ivans
102. Lipskis Pēteris
103. Hercogs Vilis
104. Agarjanovs Laimons
105. Ruskulis Jānis
106. Rozens Ivars
107. Saškovs Jānis
108. Lomanis Zigmunds
109. Priedkalns Daumants
110. Veckis Oļģerts
111. 2ukovskis Argords
112. Vīniņš Augusts 1938. g. 13. 9
113. Patkēvičs Vladislavs 1938. g. 18. 9
114. Sacs Jānis 1938. g. 15. 8
115. Meijērs Aivars 1938. g. 25. 8
116. Kokns Vladimirs 1938. g. 30. 5
117. Brants Kārlis 1938. g. 16. 8
118. Dilba Boļeslavs 1938. g. 5. 5
119. Jansons Gunarts 1938. g. 8. 5
120. Lemerts Juris 1938. g. 15. 4
121. Krastiņš Juris
122. Strazds Velta 1938. g. 14. 3
123. Lejnieks Arturs 1937. g. 1. 10
124. Paško Jānis 1938. g. 3. 11
125. Michelsons Jānis-Vald. 1936. g. 25. 10
126. Michelsons Julianna-Dag. 1937. g. 18. 3
127. Mironovičs Francis 1942. g. 12. 2
128. Juraniecs Vladimirs 1942. g. 9. 7
129. Brīveris Zigfrids 1942, g. 17. 8
130. Jirgensons Haralds 1942. g. 16. 7
131. Nete Jānis Imants 1942. g. 13. 2
132. Nikolajevs Juris 1941. g. 17. 4
133. Mironovičs Andrejs 1941. g. 27. 2
134. Kerdis Laimons 1941. g. 17. 3
135. Pūce Ilgonis 1941. g. 1. 8
136. Kūlmanis Erna 1943. g. 8. 3
137. Melenčikovs Michails 1943. g. 1.10
138. Michaļskis Jānis 1943. g. 13. 1
139. Buļiņins Georgs 1943. g. 7. 5
140. Paeglītis Vizbulīte 1943. g. 25. 5
141. Liepa-Liepiņš Egils 1942. g. 18. 10
142. Krauze Voldemārs 1942. g. 21.12
143. Puķe Astrida 1943. g. 3. 8
144. Sprudžs Nikolajs 1943. g. 12. 8
145. Aleksis Kārlis 1943. g. 29. 7
146. Reitiņš Ilga Emilija 1943. g. 26. 7
147. Blagacieris Viesturs 1942. g. 11. 6
148. Juščenko Ludmila 1943. g. 7. 3
149. Komarenko Astrida-Alek. 1943. g. 15. 1
150. Kulagins Staņislavs 1943. g. 6. 10
151. Preiss Māris 1943. g. 10. 7
152. Rapa Gunārs 1943. g. 7. 12
153. Karbuts Pēteris 1943. g. 26. 9
154. Laizans Gregers 1943. g. 29. 12
155. Femiaks Anna 1943. g. 23. 11
156. Klimenkova Ludmila 1944. g.12. 2
157. Jeršova Ludmila 1944. g. 3. 2
158. Prokopovičs Ļbova 1944. g. 22. 1
159. Malovs Reinholds 1944. g. 20. 2
160. Vizbulis Akselis Kirila 1944. g. 1. 3
161. Vizbulis Dzidra Nadežda 1944. g. 1. 3
162. Ozoliņš Ausma Lilita 1944. g. 22. 3
163. Valenis Gunārs 1944. g. 17. 3
164. Jurians Gaida 1944. g. 3. 6
165. Silmanis Gunārs
166. Sakals Arnolds
167. Smirnovs Vilis-Viktors
168. Manteifelds Ilga
169. Machunovs Voldemārs
170. Machunovs Viktors
171. Višnakova Aleksandra
172. Truchanova Lidija
173. Timofejeva Vasilisa
174. Suvorovs Jēkabs
175. Kolomecs Anatolijs
176. Jasukevičs Ivans
177. Jakovlevs Ivans
178. Igorčēnko Nikolajs
179. Garoza Martina
180. Koļcovs Igors
181. Aigars Lēna
182. Baranauskis Viktors
183. Lācis Uldis
184. Bisakovs Lolita
185. Kaziro Valdis
186. Kaziro Lidija
187. Komols Marija-Ilze.
Latvijas PSR Ministru Padomes Repatriācijas nodaļa.
[Репатриационный отдел Совета Министров Латвийской ССР
Repatriation Division of the Council of Ministers of the Latvian SSR3]

To new lives

The post-WWII paths of Latvian orphans followed closely those of other Latvians, that is, primarily to English-speaking countries. Archives show that children were already heading to new lives in 1949. None anticipated that the anticipated return to a free Latvia would have to wait more than 40 years. The article also confirms that children from the Majori orphanage also resided in Hahnenklee, outnumbering those from Rīga. Per Nedēļas Apskats, Latvian weekly news, Nr. 152 (March 35, 1949).

„ Pirmie bāriņi uz ASV “

Šinīs dienās ASV nodibinātās Eiropas bērnu aprūpes komitejas uzraudzībā no Hamburgas lidmašīnā uz ASV devās pirmie 67 no pavisam 250 Vācijas britu joslā esošajiem bēgļu un DP bāriņiem. Ņujorkas lidlaukā mazos immigrantus sagaidīja vietējo labdarības organizāciju pārstāvji, novedot tos uz pagaidu mītni — komitejas uzturēto bērnu namu Bronksā, kas ir viena no Ņujorkas sastāvdaļām. No šejienes tos visdrīzākajā laikā, skatoties pēc reliģijas, izvietos pie audžu vecākiem dažādās ģimenēs visās ASV.

Bāriņu immigrācija notiek ASV 1948. |g. DP immigrācijas likuma ietvaros, un tā skar arī pēdējā laikā Hānenklē novietotā bērnu nama iemītniekus, kuru vidū bija arī daudzi latviešu bērni, pārsvarā bij. Majoru bērnu nama iemītnieki. Kara laikā tiem bieži vien ar neaprakastāmām grūtībām nācies pārvietoties no vienas vietas uz otru, lai pasargātos no padomju tvērieniem. No tiem bērni nebija gluži pasargāti arī beidzot nonākot britu joslā un militāro iestāžu, vēlāk IRO, aizgādībā. No padomju puses vairākkārt kategoriski tika prasīta bērnu izdošana Pad. Savienībai, un spiediena pastiprināšanai ievadīta plaša kampaņa presē un radiofonā. Vienīgi pateicoties britu iestāžu nelokāmajai nostājai, bērni tika pasargāti no traģiskā likteņa. Tagad viņi dodas ceļā uz ASV, lai paliktu tur, līdz varēs atgriezties brīvā dzimtenē.

Daļu bāriņu ar mieru uzņemt arī Kanādas katoļu immigrantu palīdzības savienība. Austrālija savukārt uzņems 500 jauniešus-vieniniekus, no kuriem pirmā grupa dodas ceļā jau šinīs dienās.

“The First Orphans Depart for the U.S.”

In recent days, under the supervision of the European Child Care Committee established in the United States, the first group of 67 out of a total of 250 refugee and DP orphans from the British Zone in Germany flew from Hamburg to the United States. At the New York airfield, representatives of local charitable organizations welcomed the young immigrants and brought them to temporary housing — a children’s home in the Bronx operated by the committee, one of New York City’s boroughs. From there, the children will soon be placed with foster families throughout the United States, with placements arranged in keeping with their religious background.

The immigration of these orphans is taking place under the auspices of the 1948 U.S. DP Immigration Act, and it also includes residents of the children’s home recently located in Hahnenklee. Among them were many Latvian children, most of whom had earlier lived in the Majori children’s home. During the war, they were often forced — under indescribably difficult conditions — to move from place to place to escape Soviet capture. Even after finally reaching the British Zone and coming under the protection of military authorities and later the IRO, they were not entirely safe. The Soviet side repeatedly and categorically demanded that the children be handed over to the USSR, and to increase pressure it launched an extensive campaign in the press and over the radio. Only the unwavering stance of the British authorities protected the children from a tragic fate. Now they are on their way to the United States, where they will remain until they can return to a free homeland.

A portion of the orphans will also be received by the Canadian Catholic Immigrant Aid Association. Australia, for its part, will accept 500 adolescent single evacuees, the first group of whom is setting out in these very days.

A record of arrival

While this report on the children arriving in New York City appeared in New York Times, the original appears to have been an Associated Press report, “Eager to Work: War Orphans Awed By Great American” by George W. Cornell4, from which we've interwoven additional text and also copy-edited. Thursday, March 17, 1949.

“DP CHILDREN HERE, DAZZLED BUT HAPPY”

Little Balts Are Bewildered by Pot Roast, Oranges and Things in General


NEW YORK, March 17. — (AP et al.) — They trooped down the steps from the plane, a little hesitantly, carrying small boxes.

Everything they owned was in those boxes.

When 6-year-old Erna Kulmanis, a shy, blonde war orphan, was given a plate of pot roast yesterday she started to cry. She said she didn't know what it was. She had arrived a few hours earlier at the New York [now John F. Kennedy (JFK)] International Airport, Idlewild, Queens, with sixty-six other war orphans from a DP children's home in Germany.

They wore odd caps and knitted hats of khaki wool. Their clothes were neat, but mostly outsized hand-me-downs.

The children were taken to the reception center of the United States Committee for the Care of European Children, 661 Cauldwell Avenue, the Bronx, where they will remain until their transfer to welfare agencies throughout the country for adoption.

The children — fifty-seven boys and ten girls ranging in age from 5 to 14 years — originally came from Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania. When they arrived in Hamburg on Tuesday to board the plane for America, they broke into cheers: they thought they were already in the United States.

When they stepped off the plane at Idlewild they seemed so impressed that most were at a loss for words.

Asked of their dreams, Austra Kurse, 7, said her “stomach was sick” and she didn't know what she wanted to be.

Others gathered in a small group. Ten-year-old Alexander Kleins, who wants to be a musician, led them in singing a haunting Latvian folk song, “Saulit Tezej' Tezedama.” [“Saulīt Tecēj' Tecēdama”]

In it, a child tells of the sun drawing far away, while he remains in the shadown and calls; his mother does not answer, and so he pleads to the sun to carry his prayer to his mother.

Only a few have any remembrance of their war experience, but “the older ones talk about it sometimes among themselves at bedtime,” said Edward Francel, an officer of the International Refugee Organization who was with them.

At the reception center they were greeted by Jacob Reingold, director, and his staff. Mr. Reingold said they will be placed in foster homes by religious agencies of their own faiths — the Catholic Committee for Refugee Children, the National Lutheran Council, the European Jewish Children's Aid and the Church World Service.

Today each youngster will get a physical examination and a set of clothing. While at the center they will attend classes in English, American history and civics.

In the recreation hall Immonts [Imants] Franks, 9, kept asking joyfully: “Is this America?”

Nine-year-old Anatolija Trivonovs said: “I want to work. I will wash floors and windows.”

A little girl played with a yo-yo. A group of boys happily pressed the levers on the vending machines. Two curly-haired youngsters hugged each other as tears streamed down their reddened cheeks.

Then they were given lunch. Some were hesitant about taking slices of bread. When a basket of oranges was passed around some stared at the fruit. “They don't know how to eat it,” explained Mrs. Olga Kiwul [Ķivuls] who acted as interpreter. Volunteers helped the youngsters peel the oranges.

After a short rest, they went to their rooms, took baths and got into their new pajamas. Then they straightened out their worldly belongings and climbed wearily into bed to dream about the new world ahead of them, their small blue boxes beside their beds.

Group of chilren originally from Latvian, Estonia, and Lithuania leaving the ramp of a plane that brought them to Idlewild Airport from Germany. They were met by representatives of the International Refugee Organization and will be clothed and checked medically before being sent to their foster homes. The New York Times

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1Lettische Kinder verhungerten in Hahnenklee↗, Latvian children starved to death in Hahnenklee, retrieved 2025-09-18.
2Lettische Kinder besuchen deutsche Ferienlager.↗, KLV [German Navy Archive]: September 1942. - 1 photo - Image no. 68292.
3“Repatriation Division of the Council of Ministers of the Latvian SSR (Репатриационный отдел Совета Министров Латвийской ССР), 1945–1948; responsible for the reception, registration, and resettlement of Latvian citizens returning from Germany and other formerly occupied territories. Cited in Ērkšķainais mājupceļš (Riga, 1945), Latvian State Archive.
4ATHENS BANNER-HERALD., March 17, 1949, Home Edition↗ retrieved 2025-Dec-04.
Archival newspaper reports are reproduced under fair use for historical documentation. Original publisher retains all rights. Translations are ours.
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