Raiņa kapi | Rainis' Cemetery

Rainis (Jānis Pliekšāns)

Rainis↗, the pen name for Jānis Krišjānis Pliekšāns (1865–1929), was a Latvian poet, playwright, translator, journalist, and politician. He was a pivotal leader in the Jaunā strāva (New Current↗) national awakening movement. During these activist years, Rainis met and married the poet Aspāzija↗ (Elza Rozenberga). Both published revolutionary works. (Rainis's sister married the Latvian communist revolutionary Pēteris Stučka↗.) In 1897 the couple moved to Panevėžys↗, Lithuania after the crackdown on New Current. Russian authorities imprisoned him, and then exiled him from Latvia. Aspāzija followed Rainis; together they translated many works of Goethe. Upon return to Latvia, Rainis participated in the 1905 Revolution, however, fearing reprisal, they fled to Switzerland.

They returned in 1920 to a hero's welcome, both having served as spiritual leaders in the fight for Latvian independence. Rainis, as a member of the Central Committee of the Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party, resumed his political activism, becoming a member of the Constitutional assembly, parliament, and Minister of Education (1926-1928). He was founder and director of Dailes Theatre↗.

Rainis was not without ambition. However, he failed to realize either his dream of becoming Latvia's president or of receiving the Nobel Prize for Literature — a consideration in the 1920's although never formally nominated. However, during the post-WWII Soviet occupation, the USSR issued both coinage and stamps bearing Rainis' image, as one of the leading historical figures in the proletarian movement.

Bolshevik invaders, apparatchiks, and Latvian traitors gather at Rainis’ grave in 1940 to launch their program of cultural appropriation.

Rainis memorial

More than just the national poet of Latvia, just as Shakespeare contributed materially to the development of the English language, so did Rainis for Latvian. When he died in 1929, a fund was established to raise money for a memorial. 40,000 lats were soon collected, and Rainis memorial stamps brought in another 21,000 lats. From 35 projects, a hybrid project was created of a colonnade and sculpture. The colonnade was unveiled in September 1932 to greate fanfare. Following Ulmanis's 1935 coup. Rainis' scultpural monument, titled "Genius Awakening," was quietly erected. Aspāzija, his widow, was upset that her life's companion's memorial left no space for her, having imagined Rainis as Joseph in his play "Joseph and His Brothers" and herself, as Mirdza from her own play, "The Vestal":

Es vēlreiz gribu pateikt, ka piemineklis uz Raiņa kapa mani neapmierina. Es to vēlējos pavisam citādā izteiksmē. Pieminekli ceļot, bija jāņem vērā arī mani, ka es reiz smiltainē gulēšu Rainim blakus. Mūsu kopējo pieminekli es iedomājos šādi: Rainis jāattēlo kā Jāzeps pēdējā cēlienā, kur viņš aiziet tuksnesī. Sevi es iedomājos kā mirstošo Mirdzu no lugas “Vaidelote”. Tādējādi būtu akmenī tiešām panākts, ka gars ar garu savienojas. Bet, diemžēl, arī manus priekšlikumus noraidīja.

Once again I would like to state that I am not satisfied with the moniment on Rainis' grave. I wanted it to be of a completely different expression. Raising the monument, I should also have been taken into account, that someday I will lie beneath the sands next to Rainis. I had imagined our mutual monument thus: Rainis to be portrayed as Joseph in the last act, where he goes off into the desert. Myself I imagined as Mirdza from [my] play “Vaidelote.” Thus it would have truly been accomplished in stone, that soul with soul unite. But, unfortunately, my proposals also were turned down.

Photos


1likely Latvianized from James Bankovich, the British presence in Latvia dated to the Duchy of Courland
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