Würzburg DP campUNRRA Team 304 transitioned to IRO Area Team 501

In the absence of personal documents, what is the earliest Silvija's father Henry, Heinrichs, and his mother might have arrived in Würzburg — and when did the camp itself, actually three camps altogether, begin operation?

American forces captured Würzburg in April 1945. It had been devastated in the war. They were faced with providing basic security, public health, and how to care for a population mix of German civilians, refugees, and liberated forced laborers — primarily Poles. The first mention of UNRRA Team 304 operating in Würzburg is the month-end US Zone Monthly Operational Report of September 1945, but not in the earlier August report. This points to the camp being established in September 1945 — and correlates with contemporaneous first-hand Latvian accounts. UNRRA formally assumed administrative control of DP camps in the American Zone as of October 1, 1945, however the transition of day-to-day operations was gradual, both before and after that date.

Typical progression of camp organization

Under UNRRA auspices, Latvians would elect a committee of elders — doctors, lawyers, former members of parliament or the judiciary,... — to lead the effort to organize necessities and run camp life: security, medical care, child care, camp kitchen. Beyond that, what would be expected signposts of establishing a “thriving” camp life?

Indicator Significance
Newspaper
Latvians were already advocating for a European Union during the DP era, more in our library at The post-WWII movement for a European Union (1948)
The hallmark of an advanced camp. It was not just news; it was a tool for community cohesion, debating cultural and political futures, posting announcements, listing missing persons, publishing literature, and asserting intellectual life.
School The ultimate act of defiance and hope. Establishing a school signaled a profound commitment to the future. Education was seen as the means to rebuild a destroyed generation, to transmit language and culture, and to prepare youth for life in a new country.
Scouts / youth groups Reclaiming a stolen childhood. Scouting groups provided structure, camaraderie, moral education, and paramilitary training, channeling youth energy towards a positive national future. Latvian camps organized both boys' and girls' scouts.
Sports Clubs Community health and morale. Sports events, especially soccer leagues, were immensely popular. They provided physical rehabilitation, a sense of normalcy, and healthy outlets for competition and communal pride. Basketball was popular in Latvian camps.
Crafts, theater, and music Cultural and psychological revival. Camp residents quickly formed theater troupes, orchestras, and choirs. Crafts exhibitions, plays, concerts, and folk song festivals were a way to process trauma, celebrate national culture, and maintain a sense of humanity and dignity.

We explore these aspects of camp life below.

Journalism in Würzburg

Jews, Balts, and Ukrainians were known for organizing and running their daily camp life. Poles less so owing to political divisions between those fleeing and those seeking to repatriate. A leading indicator of organizational progress is when a community begins to report about itself.

The Würzburg Latvian Herald (Vircburgas Latviešu Vēstis) began publishing January 19, 1946. It featured a dedication from UNRRA leadership in English, with a Latvian translation. Note mention of three separate camps.

UNRRA leadership's dedication, published in English

It is with great pleasure that I give the newspaper „Vircburgas Latviešu Vēstis" a very hearty welcome in our midst. It has taken a long time before it could appear. Many difficulties had to be overcome, but with the Latvian tenacity which I know so well a definite result has been reached. Today, Saturday 19th Jan. 1946 the Latvian population of the three camps in Wūrzburg, the Central, the Western and the Northern Camp, will be able to buy their own newspaper.

This newspaper will bring them the condensed news of the week, the statements and directives from the UNRRA teams, information of all kinds, educational articles, in short all the that will be important for the camp populations.

I know that the management of this newspaper will be in good hands. As editor, Mr. Wilde, a man who knows the ins and outs of the newspaper world, and he will be assisted by men and women who all have been working for long years in this branch of work.

I am sure that they will encourage efforts of members of the camp population to contribute to this newspaper. Let it be a free and democratic newspaper, but in contributing articles let it allways be remembered that no articles will be printed that are on the personal side. If it is possible to write an article that gives the right ideas, even new ones to the [b]etterment of these camps, will enjoy it to read and act upon these.

I hope sincerely that Vēstis will be in the future a beacon in a stormy sea, save to sail by and that the newspaper will give the inhabitants of the camps as much pleasure as I think it will give me.

W. F. [de] Hondt Jr.
Director UNRRA team 304.

„ UNRRA'S VADĪBAS VELTĪJUMS “, tulkojums latviski

Man liels prieks sirsnīgi apsveikt laikraksta „Vircburgas Latviešu Vēstis" iznākšanu mūsu vidū. Pagājis ilgs laiks, iekams šo laikrakstu bija iespējams publicēt. Daudz grūtību bija jāpārvar, bet ar latvisko neatlaidību, ko es tik labi pazīstu, sasniegts vēlamais panākums — un šodien, tas ir sestdien gada 19. janvārī, Vircburgas latviešiem Centrāla, Rietumu un Ziemeļu nometne būs iespējams iegādāties pašiem savu laikrakstu. šis laikraksts tiem sniegs nedēļas notikumu pārskatu, UNRRA's grupu ziņojumus un norādījumus, visāda veida informāciju, izglītojošus rakstus, īsi sakot — visas tās ziņas, kas būs svarīgas nometnes iedzīvotājiem. Es zinu, ka šī lakraksta vadība atradīsies labās rokās. Redaktors Vildes kungs ir vīrs, kas vispusīgi pazīst avīžniecības pasauli un redakcijas darbā viņam palīdzēs līdzstrādnieki un līdzstrādnieces, kas visi ilgus gadus strādājuši šai nozarē. Esmu pārliecināts, ka viņi pamudinās nometņu iedzīvotājus arī pašiem darboties līdzi šai laikraksta, lai tas būtu brīvs un demokrātisks laikraksts. Rakstu izvēlē vienmēr atcerieties, ka neviens personīgas dabas raksts netiks iespiests. Ja rakstos parādīsies labas un jaunas idejas, kalpojot tādā kārtā šo nometņu labklājībai, tad es šādus rakstus ar prieku izlasīšu un rīkošos saskaņā ar tajos izteiktām domām. Es no sirds ceru, ka „ Vēstis" nākamībā būs bāka vētrainā jūrā, kas sargās garāmbraucējus, un ka jaunais laikraksts sagādās nometņu iemītniekiem tikpat daudz prieka, cik, es domāju, tas sagādās man.

F. Hondt Jr.
UNRRA's 304. grupas direktors

You can read the YMCA introductory issue's (September 14, 1946) greeting [here tbd]

Latvian People’s College

Latvian education followed the pre-WWII German model: pamatskola, grade school, Grundschule; ģimnāzija, Gymnasium (preparation for college) — there were other options such as vocational school; and, following among others, Tautas skola, folk college, Volkshochschule.

The Volkshochschulen of the Weimar Republic were founded on the ideal of democratic civic education. Their guiding philosophy, known as „ die Neue Richtung “ ("New Direction"), championed critical thinking and open discussion over rote learning. The curriculum reflected this, focusing on subjects like philosophy, political science, and art history, all designed to develop a responsible and intellectually engaged citizenry.

In the modern era, the Volkshochschule has broadened this mission to become a pillar of lifelong learning for the entire community. While it still offers courses in the humanities that honor its intellectual origins, its program has expanded significantly to meet contemporary needs. Today, its catalog is a diverse ecosystem of offerings, ranging from practical language classes and professional development workshops to courses on digital literacy, personal health, and creative arts. This evolution demonstrates a successful adaptation from an institution focused primarily on democratic formation to one that serves the wide-ranging educational and social needs of a modern, pluralistic society.

„ VĒROJUMI TAUTAS AUGSTSKOLĀ “

Pēdejos mēnešos mēs ar lepnumu starp citiem panākumiem atzīmējam Vircburgas latviešu Centrālā nometnē dzimušo Tautas augstskolu, kas, aptverdama visu latviešu DP ārpusskolas garīgo aprūpi, kļuvusi par lielāko un visplašāk izveidoto latviešu izglītības pasākumu Vācijā. To rāda kaut vai pāris datu: 1700 klausītāju, 62 mācības spēki, vēl lielāks skaits priekšmetu visdažādākās arodnieciskās un vispārizglītojošās disciplīnās. Rodas dabiska interese dziļāk ieskatīties šās iestādes darbā.

Pirmais darbs apciemot Tautas augstskolas vadītāju, mūsu ievērojamāko mākslas teorētiķi, mākslas filozofu profesoru Dr. phil. Jāni Šiliņu. Mūžīgi kustīgais un darbīgais profesors dzīvo pastāvīgā darba trauksmē, vienmēr ar smaidu uz lūpām un asprātībām, steidzoties ar lekciju konspektiem un projekticm uz Tautas augstskolu un mākslas studiju vai arī ar krāsu paleti un audeklu uz kādu steigā ievērotu interesantu dabas stūrīti, lai savā mākslinieciskā skatījumā padarītu to nemirstīgu. Par Tautas augstskolas darbību profesors nav runājams: „ Katrs pats to var redzēt. Sevi reklāmēt neiesim. Lai darbs pats rāda. “

Pirmais ieskats Tautas augstskolas darba gaitās vērojams TA birojā. Bargs un stingrs no agra rīta līdz vēlam vakaram nemitīgi strādā biroja vadītājs Nikolajs Elbe, ko 2o gadus pazīstam kā lielas pamatskolas pārzini un arī kā dekorātoru. Viņa uzdevums ir gādāt par to, lai visgrūtākajos apstākļos priekšzīmīgi funkcionētu lielā iestāde. Ar skolu nozares pārziņa mag. math. Mārtiņa Grīnerga enerģiju izdevies biroju apgādāt ar visu nepieciešamo, nākot talkā arī dažiem labvēļiem ārpus TA. Birojā vismodernākā grāmatvedība un kartotēka, ko veidot palīdzējusi Centrālās nometnes revīzijas komisija un grāmatvedības kursu vadība ar H. Liepiņu priekšgalā. Priekšzīmīgi funkcionē plašā darbvedība. Birojā izlasīts darbinieku sastāvs, starp kuriem minami grāmatvedis Konstantins Rudins, darbvedis Arnolds Ozoliņš un Latvijas rekordiste mašīnrakstīšanā Milda Henzele. Tagad birojs iekārtojas jaunās, plašākās telpās izbumbotajā V ēkas vidusdaļā.

Rodas jautājums, kā norit TA ikdienas praktiskais darbs. Te vispirms ap-meklēsim nekad nepagurstošo mācības lietu pārzini Edgaru Andersonu. Viņš pastāvīgi steidzas, vienā rokā cieši pieblīvētu portfeli, otrā — rakstāmmašinu, lai varbūt pa ceļam uz vietas atzīmētu radušās idejas. Arī viņš ir nerunīgs un ieteic iepazīties ar darbu uz vietas. Izturīgs cilvēks nedēļas laikā to varēšot veikt.

Nebūdams tik izturīgs, veicu to divās nedēļās, bet ietekme toties pamatīgāka. Sāku ar lielāko TA nodaļu — filozofijas un filoloģijas, kur studentu skaits krietni pāri 800 un mācības spēku ap 20. Visplašākais klausītāju skaits ir Latvijas ūniversitātes prof. Dr. phil. J. Siliņam, kas lasa vērtīgu lekciju ciklu „ Cilvēks gara zinātniskā skatījumā “, skarot cilvēku filozofiskā, psīcholoģiskā un fizioloģiskā skatījumā, faktu materiālu bagātīgi ilūstrēdams piemēriem. Prof. Šiliņš tuvākā nākotnē apsolījis arī ciklu mākslas vēsturē, kas pieejams ikvienam, un speciālu ciklu mākslas filozofijā, klausītājiem ar priekšzināšanām.

Ļoti liela klausītāju saime ir arī mūsu rakstniecības sēnioram un literātūras vēsturniekam Pēterim Ermanim, kas mūs iepazīstina ar latviešu literātūras jaunāko posmu, no pag. gadsimta 90. gadiem. Klausītāji iemīļoto lektoru apbrīno viņa tīri neticamās atmiņas dēļ. Bez mazākās piepūles lektors citē neskaitāmus datus un daiļliterātūras fragmentus. Liekas, ka nav literatūrā parādību, kas nebūtu palikušas viņa atmiņā. Klausītājus sajūsmina viņa delikātā pieeja.

Tīri praktiski klausītājus literātūrā ievirza rakstnieks mag. oec. Jānis Kadilis, kam sevišķi plašas zināšanas teorijā un praktiskā pieredzē. Klausītāji viņa drošā vadībā iegūst plašāku skatu literātūras izpratnē un vērtējumā. Sēminārā varbūt pat atklāsies viens otrs jauns literārs talants.

Sagatavošanā arī interesants literātūras pētnieka Jāņa Āboliņa cikls Latviešu literatūra gadsimtu gaitās, no vissenākiem laikiem, kas sāksies pēc Ermaņa cikla nobeiguma.

PlaŠi reprezentēta vēsture. Pilnīgu universitātes kursu 19. gadsimta vēsturē plašam interesentu skaitam lasa jaunais vēsturnieks un baltu filologs E. Andersons, kursu papildinādams jaunākajām vēsturnieku atziņām un paša pētījumiem. Viņš vajāts vācu laikā savas kulturāli — sabiedriskās darbības un antivācisko zin. pētījumu dēļ. Bijis dots rīkojums viņu ievietot koncentrācijas nometnē, no kā viņu daži sab. darbinieki paglāba drošībā.

Interesantu, stipri koncentrētu un labi pārdomātu kursu latviešu senvēsturē sniedz jaunā, nopietnā vēsturniece mag. hist. Ilze Zommere. Ļoti žēl, ka šim vērtīgajam kursam samērā maz klausītāju. Kursā sniegtos interesantos atklājumus lielākā daļa tautiešu droši nezina. Zināšanas mūsu senajās, spožās vēstures gaitās un kultūras sasniegumos lielā mērā celtu mūsu pašapziņu.

Līdzīga, novēršama parādība konstatējama cienījamā brīvības cīņu varoņa, Lāčplēša kara ordeņa kavaliera pulkveža Jāņa Vītola plašajā lekciju ciklā: „ Latviešu kara mākslas vēsture no VIII gadsimta līdz Latvijas atbrīvošanas karam “. Vai tiešām mūsu tautiešiem vairs nav interešu par mūsu vēstures gaitām, par mūsu visos laikos apbrīnoto karavīru gaitām, par latviešu tautas brīvības ideāliem?

Tuvākā nākotnē vēl paredzēti cikli: „ Latviešu cilšu polītiskā vēsture vēlajā dzelzs laikmetā un vidus laikos “ (kult. vēsturnieks Ritvars Bregžis) un „ Ēģiptes vēsture “ (vēsturniece Ilga Lože).

No cita veida cikliem paredzētas „ Teātra problēmas" “ (rakstnieks Ģirts Salnais) un „ Etikas pamatjautājumi “ (lic. theol. Valdis Mežezers).

Spektātors.

“OBSERVATIONS AT THE PEOPLE'S UNIVERSITY”

In recent months, we have proudly noted, among other achievements, the birth of the People's University in the Würzburg Latvian Central Camp. Encompassing all extracurricular intellectual care for Latvian Displaced Persons, it has become the largest and most extensively developed Latvian educational undertaking in Germany. A couple of figures demonstrate this: 1,700 listeners, 62 teaching staff, and an even greater number of subjects in the most diverse vocational and general education disciplines. A natural interest arises to take a deeper look into the work of this institution.

The first task was to visit the head of the People's University, our most notable art theorist and art philosopher, Professor Dr. phil. Jānis Šiliņš. The perpetually active and energetic professor lives in a constant state of work, always with a smile on his lips and witty remarks, hurrying with lecture notes and projects to the People's University and the art studio, or with a color palette and canvas to some hastily noticed interesting corner of nature, to immortalize it through his artistic vision. About the activities of the People's University, the professor had little to say: “Anyone can see it for themselves. We will not advertise ourselves. Let the work speak for itself.”

The first insight into the workings of the People's University can be observed in its office. From early morning until late evening, the stern and strict office manager Nikolajs Elbe works tirelessly. We have known him for 20 years as the principal of a large elementary school and also as a decorator. His task is to ensure that, under the most difficult circumstances, the large institution functions flawlessly. With the energy of the head of the school division, mag. math. Mārtiņš Grīnbergs, the office has been supplied with all necessities, assisted also by some benefactors outside the People's University. The office features the most modern bookkeeping and a filing system, developed with the help of the Central Camp's audit commission and the head of the bookkeeping courses, H. Liepiņš. The extensive office procedures function impeccably. The staff roster is select, including the bookkeeper Konstantīns Rudins, office manager Arnolds Ozoliņš, and Latvian record-holder in typing, Milda Henzele. The office is now moving into new, more spacious rooms in the bombed-out central part of Building V.

The question arises of how the practical daily work of the People's University proceeds. Here, we will first visit the never-tiring head of academic affairs, Edgars Andersons. He is constantly in a hurry, clutching a tightly stuffed briefcase in one hand and a typewriter in the other, perhaps to jot down ideas that arise on the way. He, too, is a man of few words and suggests one become acquainted with the work on site. A resilient person could manage it in a week.

Not being so resilient, I accomplished it in two weeks, but the impression was all the more substantial. I began with the largest department—Philosophy and Philology—where the number of students is well over 800 and the teaching staff around 20. The largest audience belongs to University of Latvia Professor Dr. phil. J. Šiliņš, who delivers a valuable lecture series titled “Man from a Scientific Perspective of the Spirit”, touching upon the philosophical, psychological, and physiological aspects of man, richly illustrating the factual material with examples. Prof. Šiliņš has promised in the near future a series on art history, accessible to everyone, and a special series on the philosophy of art for listeners with prior knowledge.

A very large audience also gathers for the senior of our literature and literary historian, Pēteris Ermanis, who introduces us to the latest period of Latvian literature, from the 1890s. Listeners admire their beloved lecturer for his purely incredible memory. Without the slightest effort, the lecturer cites countless facts and fragments of fiction. It seems there is no phenomenon in literature that has not remained in his memory. Listeners are thrilled by his delicate approach.

Writer mag. oec. Jānis Kadilis provides a purely practical introduction to literature for listeners, possessing particularly broad knowledge in theory and practical experience. Under his confident guidance, listeners gain a broader perspective on the understanding and evaluation of literature. Perhaps a new literary talent or two will even be discovered in the seminar.

In preparation is also an interesting series by literary researcher Jānis Āboliņš, "Latvian Literature Through the Centuries, from the Most Ancient Times," which will begin after the conclusion of Ermanis's cycle.

History is well represented. A complete university course on 19th-century history is delivered by the young historian and Baltic philologist E. Andersons to a broad audience of interested parties, supplementing the course with the latest findings of historians and his own research. He was persecuted during the German era for his cultural and social activities and anti-German scholarly research. An order was issued to place him in a concentration camp, from which some social workers saved him by hiding him in a safe place.

An interesting, highly concentrated, and well-considered course on Latvian ancient history is offered by the young, serious historian mag. hist. Ilze Zommere. It is a great pity that this valuable course has relatively few listeners. Most of our compatriots surely do not know the interesting discoveries presented in the course. Knowledge of our ancient, brilliant historical paths and cultural achievements would greatly boost our self-esteem.

A similar, regrettable phenomenon is observed in the extensive lecture series by the esteemed hero of the freedom struggles, Cavalier of the Lāčplēsis War Order, Colonel Jānis Vītols: “The History of the Latvian Art of War from the 8th Century to the Latvian War of Liberation”. Do our compatriots truly no longer have any interest in the course of our history, in the celebrated deeds of our soldiers through the ages, in the Latvian people's ideals of freedom?

In the near future, further cycles are planned: “The Political History of the Latvian Tribes in the Late Iron Age and Middle Ages” (cultural historian Ritvars Bregžis) and “History of Egypt” (historian Ilga Lože).

Other types of planned cycles include “lProblems of the Theater” (writer Ģirts Salnais) and “Fundamental Questions of Ethics” (lic. theol. Valdis Mežezers).

Spektātors.

Scouts in Würzburg

Würzburg DP camp scouts procession, 19471

Scouts began organizing immediately, holding their first organizational meeting in Würzburg on September 30, 1945, one day before UNRRA assumed administrative control of DP camps from the U.S. Army in the American Zone. As reported in Jaunaudze ("New Growth", the Scouts' newspaper) Nr. 8, October 20, 1945:

„ Vidusvācijas skautu vadītāju konference Vircburgā š. g. 30. septembrī. “

Vircburgas latviešu centrālajā nometnē, skolas telpās pulcējās 33 skautu un gaidu vadītāju, lai saskaņotu darbību, uzklausitu ziņojumus un ierosinājumus. Dalībniekus apsveica vad. Osis, uzsverot, ka pašreiz skautu un gaidu vadītājiem ir uzlikts svarigs un atbildigs pienākums, audzināt mūsu svešumā izkaisīto jaunatni, lai viņi izaugtu par derīgiem Latvijas pilsoņiem. Ar piecelšanos un klusuma brīdi, sanāksmes dalibnieki godināja veļu valstī aizgājušos skautus.

Par konferences vaditaju ievēl V, Klētnieku no Ambergas sk. v. Pēc ziņojumu uzklausīšanas no vietām, vienojās ka darbības saskaņošanai organizējami ari ceļojoši vadītāju kursi. Pielaiž ka solījumu var nodot arī bez formas un nozīmes.

Sanāksmi slēdzot nosūta latviešu skautu pr-kam Dunsdorfa kgm. pateicības rakstu par to, ka tas uzņēmies grūtos skautu pr-ka pienākumus.

“Central Germany Scout Leaders' Conference in Würzburg on September 30th of this year.”

In the Würzburg Latvian central camp's school premises, 33 scout and guide leaders gathered to coordinate activities and to hear reports and suggestions. The participants were greeted by Leader Osis, emphasizing that scout and guide leaders currently have an important and responsible duty: to educate our youth, scattered in exile, so they grow up to be capable citizens of Latvia. By rising and a moment of silence, the meeting participants honored the scouts who have passed over into the afterlife.

V. Klētnieks from the Amberg scout troop was elected as conference chairman. After hearing reports from the localities, it was agreed that traveling leadership courses would also be organized to coordinate activities. They allowed that commitments can be made without being put to paper.

Upon closing the meeting, a letter of thanks was sent to the Latvian scout leader Dunsdorfs for taking on the difficult duties of scout leader.

Theater

Theatrical performances were already taking place in February, 1946, in this case, opening night of Elīna Zālīte's↗↗lv 1927 comedy Bīstamais vecums — "A Perilous Age", to a mixed review of the play and cast member performances. The review noted the play was was wholly unsuitable for grade-schoolers, piquing our curiosity.

At the National Theatre yesterday, a young playwright appeared with her inaugural work — Elīna Zālīte and her four-act comedy “A Dangerous Age.” It is a comedy depicting members of two families — husbands and wives, a daughter and sons — in their mutual comic relationships of love and flirtation, and the various comic situations into which they fall when they give themselves over to the carefree, frivolous life and revelry of these times — to the free-wheeling search for love affairs that takes place especially at that “dangerous age” when the beards of families' fathers begin to turn gray.  — "Māksla" ("Arts") column in Valdības Vēstnesis, Nr.235 (October 19, 1927)↗

In Vircburgas Latviešu Vēstis, Nr.7 (March 2, 1946). Emphasis appears in the original newspaper article.

„ Jauna komēdija Vircburgas latviešu teātrī “

Vircburgas latviešu teātris 23. februārī sniedza jaunu uzvedumu, izrādot Elīnas Zālītes populāro komēdiju „ Bīstamais vecums “. Par lugas izvēli varētu atzīmēt, ka tā nepieder autores labākajiem šī žanra darbiem. Protams, jāievēro pašreizējo apstākļu grūtības drāmatiskās literātūras sagādē, kas bieži liek izraudzīties uzvedumiem arī mazāk vērtīgus darbus. Šai sakarībā vēl viena piezīme: lugas saturs nekādā ziņā nav piemērots skolu jaunatnei.

Runājot tieši par jauno uzvedumu, jāievēro izrādes samērā īsais sagatavošanas laiks. Režisore Lilija Salnais visumā sek mīgi veikusi lugas apstrādājumu tās galvenajos vilcienos, bet jau iepriekš minētā apstākļa dēļ nav sasniegts sīkāks detaļu izveidojums, kas komēdijai tik ļoti nepieciešams.

Gleznotāja Krasta sievas Lizbetes lomā redzējām Ausmu Karlsoni. Lomas izveidojums, šķiet, īsti neatbilst Zālītes komēdijas stilam un kopnoskaņai, jo ar savu vienpusīgi pārspīlēto kariķējumu šīs vecmodīgi aizspriedumainās bagātnieces tēls iegūst vulgāru nokrāsu. Atsevišķās situācijās Karlsonei tomēr izdevies panākt dzīvu un ticamu tēlojumu.

Gleznotāja meitu Litu spraigi tēloja Ārija Skurrtene. Turpmākajā darbā būtu vēlams vairāk vērības piegriezt balss izkopšanai, kā arī panākt lielāku dažādību kustībās.

Atzīstamu enerģiskas rakstnieka sievas Hermīnes tēlu sniedza Maija Brakmane. Nepārliecināja turpretim Olga Adiāne jaunās gleznotājas Vītoliņas lomā.

Ģirts Salnais (gleznotājs Krasts) šoreiz, salīdzinot ar agrāk redzēto, nebija pilnos apmēros licis lietā savas skatuviskās dotības. Tiklab tēlojumā, kā maskā varēja vērot dažas paviršības, kas droši vien izzudīs turpmākajās izrādēs.

Rakstnieku Krūmu tēloja Jēkabs Pļaviņš, sniedzot samērā rūpīgu, gan mazliet nedrošu lomas izstrādājumu.

Gunārs Grieze samērā labi iejuties Edgara lomā un panācis jau jūtami ticamāku tēlu, nekā iepriekšējā uzvedumā Robčiks.

Kautrīgo medicīnas studentu Ludi Krūmu labi tēloja Jānis Miķelsons. Vairākās situācijās tomēr būtu nepieciešama impulsīvāka reaģēšana uz apkārtni un asāka partneru attiecību uztvere.

Piemērotu un gaumīgu dekorātīvo ietērpu lugai devis Viktors Laiviņš.

Pirmizrādē ieradās arī UNRRA's va- dība ar direktoru W. F. de Hondt’u.

“A New Comedy at the Würzburg Latvian Theatre”

On 23 February, the Würzburg Latvian Theatre presented its opening performance staging Elīna Zālīte’s popular comedy „ Bīstamais vecums “ ["A Perilous Age"]. Regarding the choice of play, it may be noted that it does not belong to the author’s best works in this genre. Of course, one must take into account the present difficulties in obtaining dramatic literature, which often force the selection of less valuable works for performance. In this connection, one further remark: the content of the play is in no way suitable for school youth.

Speaking specifically about the new production, the relatively short preparation time must be noted. The director, Lilija Salnais, has on the whole handled the adaptation of the play’s main lines successfully, but due to the circumstance mentioned above, a more detailed development of particulars — so necessary for comedy — has not been achieved.

In the role of the painter Krasts’s wife, Lizbete, we saw Ausma Karlsone. The interpretation of the role, it seems, does not quite correspond to the style and overall tone of Zālīte’s comedy, for with its one-sided, exaggerated caricature, the portrait of this old-fashioned, prejudiced wealthy woman acquires a vulgar tinge. In certain situations, however, Karlsone managed to achieve lively and believable acting.

The painter’s daughter, Lita, was portrayed energetically by Ārija Skurrtene. In future work, it would be desirable to devote more attention to voice cultivation, as well as achieving greater variety in movement.

An admirable portrayal of the energetic writer’s wife, Hermīne, was given by Maija Brakmane. Olga Adiāne, on the other hand, did not convince in the role of the young painter Vītoliņa.

Ģirts Salnais (the painter Krasts) this time, compared with what has been seen earlier, had not employed his stage abilities to their full extent. In both acting and makeup one could observe some carelessnesses, which, no doubt, will disappear in future performances.

The writer Krūms was portrayed by Jēkabs Pļaviņš, giving a fairly careful, though somewhat uncertain, development of the role.

Gunārs Grieze had entered rather well into the role of Edgars and achieved a noticeably more believable character than in the previous production, *Robčiks*.

The shy medical student, Ludis Krūms, was well portrayed by Jānis Miķelsons. In several situations, however, more impulsive reaction to the surroundings and a sharper perception of partner relationships would be necessary.

Fitting and tasteful decorative costuming for the play was provided by Viktors Laiviņš.

At the premiere, UNRRA leadership also arrived, together with Director W. F. de Hondt.

Sustenance

Food was in short supply. Nor was there a dearth of individuals willing to take advantage of the situation. As reported in Vircburgas Latviešu Vēstis, Nr.74 (June 21, 1947). Emphasis appears in the original newspaper article.

„ PASKAIDROJUMI PAR MŪSU APGĀDI “

Nometnes iedzīvotājus vienmēr interesējošais pārtikas stāvoklis ar š. g. sākumu uzrādījis biežas pārmaiņas un, diemžēl, sakarā ar vispārējām pārtikas stāvokļa grūtībām Vācijā, gaidāmo UNRRA's likvidāciju un citiem mums vēl nezināmiem apstākļiem, pēdējos mēnešos pasliktinājies.

Apgādes pasliktināšanos tieši pēdējās nedēļās visvairāk radījis barības līdzekļu iztrūkums mūs apgādājošās noliktavās. Kopš 4 nedēļām neesam tos saņēmuši nemaz un barības līdzekļu (putraimi, auzu pārslas u. c.) iztrūkums vien pēdējās 4 nedēļās ir 6470 kg. Barības līdzekļu vietā daļu (2/3) apsolīts izsniegt svaigās saknēs no vācu krājumiem, bet sakarā ar sausuma izsauktās ražas nokavēšanos, arī normālā sakņu piegāde var sākties tikai šī mēneša beigās. Visas līdz šim, sākot ar marta mēnesi, nometnē patērētās saknes iepirktas brīvā tirgū par nometnes līdzekļiem. Pēdējo trīs un pusmēneša laikā pavisam iepirkti 18.000 kg. sakņu, par ko izdotas ievērojamas summas. Augšminēto barības līdzekļu iztrūkuma dēļ lielākais sakņu iepirkums izdarīts pagājušā mēnesī, kad iepirkti 6.300 kg. Bez šiem iepirkumiem, kas, pazīstot vietējos apstākļus, jāuzskata par grūti veicāmu uzdevumu, mūsu jau tā vienmuļais uzturs būtu arī vēl mazvērtīgāks.

Nolūkā uzlabot iedzīvotāju uzturu tiek izlietotas iespējamās no mūsu ierobežotajām iespējām. Šai sakarībā vēl jāmin barības līdzekļu maiņas, t. i. kad amerikāņu noliktava mums nedēļām no vietas izsniedza tikai auzu pārslas, tās tika mainītas vācu firmās pret grūbām. Jāpiemin arī ārpus rekvizīcijām iepirktie buljona kauli u. t. t.

Daudz rūpes vienmēr sagādājusi labas maizes sagāde. Agrāk maizi nometnei cepa lielās Consum Verein ceptuves, bet tā kā šis uzņēmums maizi izdeva ne agrāk kā otrā dienā pēc izcepšanas, tad, lai panāktu pilnīgi svaigas maizes pievedumus, piegādes nozare maizes cepšanu nodeva citai ceptuvei. Pēdējā laikā tomēr neapmierinātība ar šīs ceptuves darbu pieauga. Radās aizdomas par neatļautiem miltu piejaukumiem. Ceptuves īpašnieku vairākkārt brīdināja, un pat izsauca pie nometnes direktora, bet tas nedeva panākumus. Pierādīt nelikumības nebija viegls uzdevums, jo noliktavas bieži piegādāja dažāda labuma miltus, piem. gan vienādā baltumā un ar vienādu izmaluma procentu, bet kodinātus un nekodinātus. Pēdējā šķirne tikai pēc izcepšanas atšķīrās no citas maizes ar tumšāku krāsu. Nenoliekot pastāvīgu sardzi, ceptuves darbība tā tad nebija pilnīgi pārskatāma. Tikai pateicoties uzturvielu izmeklēšanas laboratorijas atsauksmei, izdevās rast pierādījumus šīs ceptuves ļaunprātībai, kam tūdaļ sekoja cepšanas līguma uzteikums un cerams, ka no Militārās pārvaldes saņemot atļauju mainīt ceptuvi, izdosies saņemt labāku maizi. Tāpat jācer, ka turpmāk atkal saņemsim tikai kviešu miltus un sojas pupu miltu piejaukumus vairs neizdarīs.

Tikpat daudz rūpju sagādājusi gaļas produktu izvēle. Desiņas kārbās saņēmām no amerikāņu, noliktavām, bet tais nedēļās, kad noliktavās to trūkst, saņemam svaigo gaļu no vācu kautuves. Gaļas izvēle grūtības nav sagādājusi, jo to parasti saņemam izmeklēta labuma. Toties domstarpības radījis jautājums, vai atteikties vai neatteikties no maltās gaļas. Pēdējā ari miera laika apstākļos gatavi pirkta bija mazvērtīgāka. Maltās gaļas izvēlei par labu runā lielāks pa cērti ju pieprasi jums, jo veselo gāļu sagatavojot, piemēram, kopā ar mērci, tā ievērojami saraujas un tā gatavošanai neizdevīga. Pagaidām neesam atteikušies no maltās gaļas piegādes, bet esam dubultojuši uzraudzību tās kvalitātes uzturēšanai, pie gaļas malšanas sūtot savu novērotāju. Desas no vācu kautuves kopš ilgāka laika vairs neņemam, jo arī tās neatbilst visām normālu apstākļu prasībām. Tas nenozīmē, ka mūsu nometne kādreiz būtu saņēmusi mazvērtīgākus ražojumus, bet gan to, ka pašreizējos apstākļos desas vispār nevar pagatavot pēc visiem noteikumiem. To gatavošanai trūkst parastais cūkas gaļas piejaukums, trūkst piparu un citu garšvielu un to vietā liek majorānu un citus atvietotājus. Pat laboratoriskā iz- meklēšana nevar ar noteiktību konstatēt, vai ļaunprātība pastāv jeb ne.

Daudz pārrunas sagādājusi cigarešu sadale. To izsniegšana nebija regulāra, resp. devas nenoteiktas, jo neregulāra bija pati cigarešu piegāde. Tagad, kopš 1. aprīļa, panākta regulāru devu piešķiršana, tikai rodas grūtības vēl ar vien cigaretes noliktavās saņemt laikā. Cigaretes piesūta un arī piešķir tikai pieaugušiem, t. i. vecākiem par 18 gadiem (maijā piesūtīja gan no 16 g.), un ar pēdējo UNRRA's vadības rīkojumu tās izsniedzamas tikai strādājošiem, kuriem regulārā deva noteikta uz 1 pac. (20 gab.) nedēļā, bet papildus vēl saņem tie, kuŗus nevar ievest pastāvīgi atalgojamo sarakstos, kā piem. meža strādnieki, skolotāji u. c. Kā teikts, nokavētā cigarešu piesūtīšana nedrīkstētu būt par iemeslu devas nesaņemšanai, kādēļ piem. jūnija otrā nedēļā izsniegtās 10 cig. uzskatāms tikai kā avanss.

Labā gribā izmantot katru iespēju apgādes uzlabošanai, nometnes administrācija un padome vienmēr uzklausījuši pat atsevišķu personu vēlējumus un padomus. Tomēr bijuši daudz rūgtu piedzīvojumu ar kritizētājiem, kas redz trūkumus, bet nezin, kā tos novērst vai necenšas un paši arī nevar palīdzēt to izdarīt. Tā piemēram ļoti daudz runāts par nepieciešamību uzlabot ēdienu; kas būtu it kā panākams ar pārkārtojumiem pašā virtuvē, resp. virtuves personālā. Taču piedzīvojumi rāda, ka sakomplektēt vēlamo virtuves personālu ir ļoti grūts uzdevums kā speciālistu trūkuma, tā citu iemeslu dēļ, un rezultātā, neskatoties uz to, ka palīgā aicināti it visu novirzienu padomes locekļi un padomdevēji, tomēr nav vēlamo kandidātu. Ar lielam grūtībām tagad izdevies iesaistīt virtuves darbā arī dažas sievietes, cerot, ka tās dažreiz labākas mājturībnieces par vīriešiem. Tomēr arī ar to vien nebūs līdzēts. Padomā ir lielās virtuves dalīšana divi daļās, lai, gatavojot ēdienu mazākam skaitam, būtu labākas gatavošanas iespējas. Tomēr te galveno lomu spēlē nepieciešamo trauku un rīku iegāde, kuŗu jau tagad ir vairāk kā trūcīgi.

Nometnes iemītnieki dažkārt izteikuši vēlēšanos saņemt pārtikas devas viņu tiešā ricībā, norādot, ka gandrīz katrai ģimenei ir individuāla gatavošanas iespējas. Latviešu administrācija visu laiku par to cīnījusies, bet līdz šim panākta vienīgi atļauja izsniegt produktus tikai tam personām, kas strīda ārpus nometnes un pusdienas no kopkatla neēd. UNRRA's augstākā vadība liedz savu piekrišanu parūkas devu izsniegšanai tiešā rīcībā visiem DP, kas to vēlētos.

Nometnes vadība nav iebildusi mājkustoņu turēšanai, cik tālu tie netraucē higiēnas prasību izpildīšanu. Tai pašā laikā jāizteic sašutums tām personām, kas nometnes mājkustoņu audzētavas vajadzībām iekārtotos atkritumu traukos iemet saplīsušos stiklus, naglas un citus priekšmetus, un pašus traukus nereti piesavina personīgām vajadzībām.

Paredzamā UNRRA's darbības izbeigšanās un ar to saistītie pārkārtojumi, kas paredzami nometņu pārvaldīšanā un uzturēšana, vēl šobrīd neatļauj paredzēt nākošo uztura stāvokļa attīstību. Domājams, ka līdz 1. jūlijam tas ievērojami nemainīsies.

“EXPLANATIONS ABOUT OUR SUPPLY”

The food situation, always of interest to the camp inhabitants, has shown frequent changes since the beginning of this year and, unfortunately, owing to the general difficulties of the food situation in Germany, the anticipated liquidation of UNRRA, and other circumstances still unknown to us, has worsened in recent months.

The deterioration of supplies in the last weeks has been caused mostly by the shortage of foodstuffs in the warehouses supplying us. For 4 weeks we have not received them at all, and the shortage of foodstuffs (grits, rolled oats, etc.) in just the last 4 weeks is 6,470 kg. In place of foodstuffs, a part (2/3) has been promised to be issued in fresh root vegetables from German stores, but because of the delayed harvest caused by drought, normal root-vegetable deliveries can begin only at the end of this month. All root vegetables consumed in the camp up until now, beginning with the month of March, were purchased on the open market with camp funds. Over the last three and a half months, a total of 18,000 kg of root vegetables have been purchased, for which considerable sums were spent. Because of the above-mentioned shortage of foodstuffs, the largest purchase of root vegetables was made last month, when 6,300 kg were purchased. Without these purchases — which, knowing local circumstances, must be considered a difficult task — our already monotonous diet would be even less nutritious.

In order to improve the inhabitants’ diet, all possibilities within our limited means are being used. In this regard, the exchange of foodstuffs should be mentioned, i.e., when the American warehouse issued us only rolled oats for weeks on end, they were exchanged at German firms for barley groats. Also to be mentioned are the soup bones, etc., purchased outside the requisitions.

A great deal of concern has always been caused by the procurement of good bread. Previously, the camp’s bread was baked by the large Consum Verein bakery, but since this enterprise did not deliver the bread earlier than the second day after baking, the supply department transferred the baking to another bakery in order to secure completely fresh bread deliveries. In recent times, however, dissatisfaction with this bakery’s work increased. Suspicions arose about unauthorized additions to the flour. The bakery owner was repeatedly warned and even summoned to the camp director, but without success. Proving irregularities was not an easy task, because the warehouses often delivered flours of differing quality, e.g., identical in whiteness and milling percentage, but some bleached and some unbleached. The latter type differed from other bread only after baking, by a darker color. Without stationing constant guards, the bakery’s operations could not be fully overseen. Only thanks to the report of the food analysis laboratory was it possible to obtain proof of this bakery’s malicious practices, which was immediately followed by termination of the baking contract, and it is hoped that, upon receiving permission from the Military Administration to change bakeries, it will be possible to obtain better bread. Likewise, it is hoped that in the future we will again receive only wheat flour, and that soy-bean flour mixtures will no longer be made.

Just as much concern has been caused by the selection of meat products. We received canned sausages from the American warehouses, but in the weeks when the warehouses lack them, we receive fresh meat from the German slaughterhouse. The selection of meat has not caused difficulties, because what we usually receive is of inspected good quality. Rather, disagreements have arisen over whether or not to reject ground meat. Even in peacetime conditions, the ready-made purchased ground meat was of lower value. Its greater yield per portion advocates in favor of using ground meat, since whole cuts of meat, when prepared, for example with sauce, shrink considerably and are therefore inefficient to prepare. For now, we have not refused the delivery of ground meat, but have doubled oversight in maintaining its quality, sending our own observer to monitor the meat-grinding. We have long since stopped taking sausages from the German slaughterhouse because they also do not meet all the requirements of normal conditions. This does not mean that our camp ever received inferior products, but rather that under present conditions sausages in general cannot be prepared according to all regulations. For their preparation, the usual pork addition is lacking, pepper and other spices are lacking, and in their place marjoram and other substitutes are used. Even laboratory examination cannot definitively determine whether malpractice exists or not.

Much discussion has been caused by the distribution of cigarettes. Their issuance was not regular, i.e., the rations were not fixed, because the supply of cigarettes itself was irregular. Now, since April 1, the assignment of regular rations has been achieved, only difficulties still arise in receiving cigarettes from the warehouses on time. Cigarettes are sent and also assigned only to adults, i.e. those older than 18 (in May they were sent even from age 16), and by the latest order of the UNRRA leadership they are to be issued only to workers, whose regular ration is set at 1 pack (20 pcs) per week, but in addition also to those who cannot be entered permanently in the payroll lists, e.g., forest workers, teachers, etc. As stated, delayed cigarette shipments should not be a reason for not receiving the ration, and therefore, for example, the 10 cigarettes issued in the second week of June should be regarded only as an advance.

In good faith, to utilize every possibility for improving supplies, the camp administration and council have always listened even to the wishes and advice of individual persons. However, there have been many bitter experiences with critics who see shortcomings but do not know how to remedy them or do not try, and cannot themselves help to accomplish it. Thus, for example, very much has been said about the need to improve the food — supposedly achievable by reorganizing the kitchen itself, i.e., the kitchen staff. However, experience shows that assembling the desired kitchen staff is a very difficult task due to the lack of specialists and other reasons, and as a result, despite calling for help all council members and advisors from every department, the desired candidates are still not available. With great difficulty, it has now been possible to involve some women in kitchen work, hoping that they may sometimes be better homemakers than men. However, even that alone will not solve matters. There is a plan to divide the large kitchen into two parts so that, by preparing food for a smaller number, there would be better cooking possibilities. But here the key issue is acquiring the necessary pots and tools, of which there are already far too few.

Camp inhabitants have occasionally expressed the desire to receive food rations into their direct possession, pointing out that almost every family has individual cooking possibilities. The Latvian administration has fought for this all along, but until now has achieved only the permission to issue products only to persons who work outside the camp and do not eat lunch from the communal kitchen. The highest UNRRA leadership refuses to consent to issuing food rations into the direct possession of all DPs who would wish it.

The camp leadership has not objected to the keeping of household animals, insofar as they do not interfere with the fulfillment of hygiene requirements. At the same time, indignation must be expressed toward those persons who throw broken glass, nails, and other objects into the refuse bins set up for the needs of the camp’s household-animal raising area, and who themselves often appropriate the bins for personal use.

For now, the anticipated end to UNRRA’s activities and related reorganizations expected in camp administration and maintenance prevent us from foreseeing the future development of the food situation. We believe that it will not change significantly before July 1st.

Reading through DP camp newspapers of the timeWe will never know what life was like for Silvija's father and grandmother in the Würzburg camp — those stories have passed into the Latvian aizsaule* along with their bearers. A child 5 years old in 1945, 10 years old when emigrating in 1950, would be eighty-one years old today. Gather those stories while those that lived them are still with us.

The Latvian folk idea of the afterlife, called aizsaule (“the land beyond the sun”), describes a realm set apart from the world of the living. It is neither heaven nor hell, but a neutral, parallel continuation of life that lies past the sun’s far edge. Reaching aizsaule is often imagined as crossing a body of water — a silver sea or marsh — that marks the threshold between worlds. There, the dead linger in a quieter, shadow-like state, carrying on with familiar farm work in a landscape of gentle, perpetual twilight, where their night corresponds to our day. Rooted in pre-Christian Baltic animism and preserved in dainas (folk songs), this view presents death not as judgment or ending, but as the soul’s movement into another layer of the same interconnected cosmos.

We  previously introduced the World’s YMCA/YWCA in the context of its presence in Würzburg and Silvija's father's atheletic experiences. Next we investigate  the wider work of the World's YMCA/YWCA in the DP camps.


1At Digital Library of Latvia↗
Archival newspaper reports are reproduced under fair use for historical documentation. Original publisher retains all rights. Translations are ours.
© 1998 – 2026, S.A. & P.J.Vecrumba | contact [at] latvians.com   Latvians.com on Facebook Peters on Bluesky↗ Peters on Twitter↗ Silvija on Bluesky↗ Terms of Use Privacy Policy Facebook ToS Web presence by Dynamic Resources